Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa inenkinga yenhliziyo, kuyinto evamile ngawe, njengomama noma ubaba, ukuzwa ukwesaba okukhulu nokushaqeka. Ikakhulukazi uma kuyisimo esinegama elingajwayelekile njenge-'Tricuspid Atresia', kunemibuzo eminingi efika engqondweni. "Kuyini lokhu? Ingabe ingane yami izophila? Kungani lokhu kwenzeke?" Izinto ezinjengalezo cishe zigijima engqondweni yakho. Ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Tricuspid Atresia?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi inhliziyo enempilo isebenza kanjani. Inhliziyo yethu inamakamelo amane amakhulu. Amakamelo amabili aphezulu namakamelo amabili aphansi. Igazi elisetshenziswe ngumzimba futhi elinomoya-mpilo ophansi liqala lingene ekamelweni eliphezulu ngakwesokudla kwenhliziyo (Right Atrium). Ukusuka lapho, ivalvu esebenza njengomnyango iyavuleka, bese lelo gazi liya ekamelweni eliphansi ngakwesokudla (Right Ventricle). Lo mnyango ubizwa ngokuthi
iTricuspid Valve . Ngemuva kwalokho, igumbi eliphansi liyafinyela bese lithumela lelo gazi emaphashini ukuze lithole umoya-mpilo. Kodwa-ke, enganeni enesifo sokuzalwa esibizwa ngokuthi
iTricuspid Atresia , le Tricuspid Valve
ayikakhiwa kahle . Okusho ukuthi, esikhundleni salowo mnyango, kukhona into efana nolwelwesi olujiyile.
Cabanga nje uma bekukhona udonga phakathi kwamakamelo amabili esikhundleni somnyango. Ubungeke ukwazi ukusuka kwelinye igumbi uye kwelinye, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo lapha.
Ngenxa yalokho, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ongena kwi-ventricle ephezulu kwesokudla alinandlela yokufinyelela ekamelweni elingezansi. Ngenxa yokuthi le ndlela ivinjiwe, i-ventricle engezansi kwesokudla, engasakwazi ukupompa igazi, ayikhuli kahle, futhi ivame ukuba yincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ayikho indlela yokuthumela igazi okudingeka lithunyelwe emaphashini ukuze kutholakale umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuphumela ekunciphiseni
okubulalayo kwenani lomoya-mpilo elitholwa umzimba wonke.
Ingabe lesi yisimo esibucayi?
Yebo, lokhu ngokuqinisekile kuyisifo senhliziyo esibi kakhulu esizalwa naso odokotela abasibheka njengesifo senhliziyo esibucayi esizalwa naso. Ingane enalesi simo idinga ukwelashwa egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU) eligxile ezifweni zenhliziyo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Ezimweni eziningi, kudingeka ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ukuze kusindiswe impilo yengane ngaphambi kokuba ibuyele ekhaya. Uma lokhu kungatholakali futhi kwelashwa ngendlela efanele, kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yengane. Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zalesi sifo?
Odokotela bahlukanisa lesi simo ngemininingwane eminingi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi kungase kube nezinye izinguquko enhliziyweni yengane ngaphezu kwalesi sici esiyinhloko. Indlela uhlelo lokwelashwa oluhlelwe ngayo izohluka kuye ngalezo zinguquko. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko (Uhlobo I, II, III).- Uhlobo I: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lapha, imithambo yegazi eyinhloko ephuma enhliziyweni (umthambo wamaphaphu kanye ne-aorta) isendaweni yayo efanele. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nomgodi phakathi kwamakamelo angaphansi enhliziyo (i-ventricular septal defect) noma inkinga nge-valve ethwala igazi emaphashini .
- Uhlobo II: Lapha, imithambo yegazi emibili eyinhloko isesimweni esishintshanayo. Kukhona futhi imbobo phakathi kwamakamelo angaphansi (i-Ventricular Septal Defect).
- Uhlobo lwesithathu: Lolu uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu. Lapha, kunezinguquko eziningana eziyinkimbinkimbi emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu kanye namagumbi.
Akudingeki ukhathazeke kakhulu ngalezi zinhlobo. Odokotela abelapha ingane yakho bazohlola zonke lezi zinto futhi bakuchazele uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele ingane yakho. Yiziphi izimpawu umntwana anazo?
Esikhathini esiningi, izingane ezinalesi simo zibonisa izimpawu zingakapheli isonto lokuqala lokuzalwa. Ungase uzibone lezi zinto. | Isibonakaliso | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|
| Ubuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka besikhumba nezindebe (i-Cyanosis) | Uphawu oluyinhloko ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, nezinzipho kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi, njengoba umzimba ungatholi igazi elanele elinomoya-mpilo. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea) | Ingane iphefumula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kubonakala sengathi inenkinga yokuphefumula. |
| Ubunzima kanye nokukhathala ekunceliseni | Ingane iyakhathala ngemva kokuphuza ubisi oluncane, iyeke ukuphuza phakathi, noma ijuluke ngenkathi iphuza. |
| Ukukhubazeka kokukhula | Ngisho noma umntwana ephuza ubisi oluningi, ngeke akhuluphale kahle. |
| Imisindo yenhliziyo engavamile (i-Heart Murmur) | Ngesikhathi udokotela ehlola inhliziyo nge-stethoscope, uzwa umsindo wenhliziyo owengeziwe. |
Kungani lokhu kwenzeke enganeni yami?
Cishe uke wazibuza lo mbuzo izikhathi eziningi. Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqonde ukuthi lokhu akulona iphutha lakho . Odokotela abakayitholi imbangela eqondile yalolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Kwenzeka emavikini okuqala ayi-6 okukhula komntwana esibelethweni, lapho inhliziyo yakheka khona. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwatholakala ezinye izici eziyingozi ezandisa ingozi yalesi simo. Lezi zinto ezilandelayo zingathinta umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?
Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo singatholakala ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe.- Ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yokukhulelwa kwakho, udokotela wakho angase abone ukukhubazeka enhliziyweni yengane yakho. Uma kukhona ukungabaza, uzothunyelwa ukuze uyohlolwa ngokukhethekile okugxile enhliziyweni yengane, okubizwa ngokuthi i -fetal echocardiogram .
- Ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane: Uma ingane iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemva nje kokuzalwa, odokotela bazosola ngokushesha ukuthi inenkinga yenhliziyo. Uma kuzwakala umsindo wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile (ukububula kwenhliziyo) lapho kuhlolwa inhliziyo nge-stethoscope, lokho nakho kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu. Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko kokuthola lesi sifo ngokuqinisekile yi -echocardiogram . Lokhu kufana nokuskena. Lokhu kungabona ngokucacile ukuthi ama-valve enhliziyo awakho yini, ubukhulu bamakamelo, indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo, nokuthi kukhona yini ezinye izimbobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba, ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-pulse oximetry ukuhlola izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha? Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka?
Nakuba kungenakuphulukiswa ngokuphelele, uchungechunge lokuhlinzwa lungabuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi kwengane futhi luyivumele iphile impilo evamile. Ukwelashwa kungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili. 1. Imithi
Lapho nje umntwana ezelwe, banikezwa imithi yokugcina umntwana ezinzile kuze kube yilapho ehlinzwa okokuqala. Umuthi oyinhloko onikezwa lapha yi -Alprostadil . Lo muthi uvula okwesikhashana umthambo wegazi okhethekile (i-Ductus Arteriosus) ozalwa yingane ngayinye futhi uvala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuzalwa. Lokhu kudala umzila owengeziwe wegazi ukuze lifike emaphashini. Lesi yisinyathelo esisindisa impilo.2. Ukuhlinzwa
I-Tricuspid atresia ayinakwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa okukodwa. Njengoba umntwana ekhula, kudingeka uchungechunge lokuhlinzwa ngezigaba eziningana. Lokhu kufana nokwakha isakhiwo esikhulu ingxenye ngayinye.- Isigaba 1 (phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala okuphila): Lokhu kuhilela ukudala ukugeleza kwegazi okuzinzile emaphashini. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-BTT shunt . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane phakathi komthambo wegazi oyinhloko nomthambo wegazi othwala igazi emaphashini.
- Isigaba 2 - Inqubo kaGlenn: Le nqubo yenziwa lapho umntwana esenezinyanga ezi-4-6 ubudala. Lapha, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elivela emzimbeni ongaphezulu lidluliselwa ngqo emaphashini, lidlule inhliziyo.
- Isigaba 3 - Inqubo yeFontan: Le nqubo yokugcina yenziwa lapho umntwana eneminyaka engaba ngu-2-4 ubudala. Lapha, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elivela emzimbeni ongezansi lidluliselwa ngqo emaphashini. Ngemva kwale nqubo, ukuxubana kwegazi elinomoya-mpilo kanye negazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo enhliziyweni cishe kuyaphela ngokuphelele.
Uma lokhu kuhlinzwa kungaphumeleli noma uma inhliziyo iba buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukufakelwa inhliziyo kubhekwa njengesinyathelo sokugcina. Lizoba njani ikusasa lengane yami kulesi simo?
Lena yinkinga enkulu kunazo zonke kubazali bonke. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, iningi lezinsana ezinalesi simo lifa ngaphambi kosuku lwazo lokuzalwa lokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhlinzwa ngesikhathi esifanele, iningi lalezi zingane liyasinda lize libe ngabantu abadala.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Iningi lezingane lingakwazi ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini evamile. Kodwa-ke, imidlalo yokuncintisana, enamandla kakhulu kungadingeka ilinganiselwe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
- Ezinye izinkinga zempilo: Ngaphambi kwezinqubo ezithile zezokwelapha, njengokukhipha amazinyo, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic ukuze uvimbele izifo zenhliziyo.
- Ukufunda: Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokukhubazeka kokufunda noma ukuphazamiseka kokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo (ADHD). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nalokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Tricuspid atresia iyisifo senhliziyo esibi kodwa esingelapheka. Akulona iphutha lakho.
- Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi kanye nokuhlinzwa okuhleliwe ngesikhathi kubalulekile empilweni yengane.
- Lezi zingane zidinga ukulandelwa udokotela wenhliziyo impilo yonke.
- Iningi lezingane lingaphila impilo enhle nesebenzayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Ungalilahli ithemba.
- Khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wengane yakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho. Bahlala bekulungele ukukusiza.
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