I-Secondary Polycythemia: Ake sifunde ngezimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nokwelashwa ngamagama alula

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, unesiyezi , futhi umbono wakho ufiphele kancane? Nakuba sicabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile, ngezinye izikhathi isizathu salokhu kungaba ukunqwabelana kwegazi emizimbeni yethu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Secondary Polycythemia kwisayensi yezokwelapha. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama, lesi yisimo esingavamile. Kalula nje, lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kunalokho okufanele . Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula kakhulu.

Kungani igazi lijiya kanje? Yiziphi izizathu?

Igama elithi "lesibili" lisho "lesibili." Ngakho-ke lesi sifo sinikezwa lelo gama ngoba akuyona into eyenzeka ngqo, kodwa kunalokho ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha noma imbangela .

Cabanga ngale ndlela, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba wethu. Uma ngesizathu esithile ubuchopho noma izinso zithola isignali yokuthi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele, izinso zikhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Erythropoietin' noma ' i-EPO' . Le hormone 'ye-EPO' iya emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo bese iyitshela ukuthi "yenze amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amaningi, umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele." Ngakho umnkantshe uqala ukwenza amangqamuzana amasha abomvu egazi. Lapho inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi landa ngale ndlela, igazi liyaqina kancane kancane. Leli gazi eliqinisiwe liba nobunzima bokudlula emithanjeni yegazi emincane ('ama-capillaries') emzimbeni wethu. Yingakho ingozi yezimo ezibucayi njenge- 'stroke' ikhula.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Primary and Secondary Polycythemia?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-'Primary Polycythemia.' Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kufana, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili.

Kalula nje, umongo wethu ufana nefektri eyenza amangqamuzana egazi.

• I-Primary Polycythemia: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ifektri ngokwayo (umnkantsha wamathambo) ikhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu ngokwayo, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zangaphandle. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo (ukuguqulwa).
• I-Secondary Polycythemia: Lapha, ifektri (umnkantsha wamathambo) isebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezibonakaliso ezingalungile noma ezingadingekile ezivela ngaphandle (isb., ezivela ezinso) ezitshela ukuthi "ikhiqize okwengeziwe," yenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amaningi kakhulu.

Ukuze bahlukanise phakathi kwalokhu okubili, odokotela bahlola i-gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-JAK2. Abantu abaningi abane-Primary Polycythemia bahlolwa bethi 'banethemba' ngale gene. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzeki ku-Secondary Polycythemia.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Izimpawu zokujiya kwegazi zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, lezi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu.

• Ukukhathala
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Isiyezi
• Umbono ofiphele
• I-Anorexia
• Ubuthakathaka emzimbeni
• Ukuncipha kokugxilisa ingqondo

Okubalulekile, lezi zimpawu azibangelwa ukujiya kwegazi kuphela. Ezinye izimpawu (ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya) zingase zivele ngenxa yembangela eyinhloko (isib. isifo samaphaphu).

Isibonelo, uma imbangela kuyi-'Sleep Apnea', ungase uzwe ukozela ngokweqile emini kanye nokuhona ebusuku.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?

Uma utshela udokotela wakho ngalezi zimpawu, into yokuqala azoyenza ukukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele. Okusho ukuthi, uma ubhema, usanda kunciphisa isisindo, uke waba nokukhwehlela, ukuqina kwesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuhogela ebusuku . Uzobuza nokuthi kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalezi zimo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi, uma kudingeka, kunconywa ukuhlolwa okuningana, okufana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amazinga ama-hormone e-EPO, kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo egazini (lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-Arterial Blood Gas - ABG).
• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Hlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba, i-CT scan, noma i-ultrasound scan ingahlola ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo, isibindi, noma ubende.

Kungalezi zivivinyo lapho udokotela ethola khona imbangela yangempela yalesi simo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi i-secondary polycythemia ingelapheka ngokuhlonza nokwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo esibangele ukuqina kwegazi .

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuqeda imbangela yokuqhekeka kwegazi.

• Ukwelapha imbangela eyinhloko:
• Uma ubhema: Kubalulekile ukuyeka ukubhema. Udokotela uzokunikeza iseluleko kanye nemithi edingekayo kulokhu.
• Uma kungenxa yokukhuluphala ngokweqile: Uzokwelulekwa ukuthi ushintshe indlela yakho yokuphila, uvivinye umzimba, futhi wehlise isisindo.
• Uma unesifo samaphaphu njenge-COPD: Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen egeleza kancane kungasiza ekubuyiseleni amazinga e-oxygen emzimbeni.
• Uma kungenxa yesimila: Lesi simo singelapheka ngokuphelele ngokususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa.

• Ukwelashwa kokuqeda izimpawu:
• I-Phlebotomy: Lokhu kufana nokumpontshelwa igazi. Cishe ingxenye yephayinti noma iphayinti yegazi isuswa emthanjeni, kunciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi futhi kunciphise igazi. Lokhu kunikeza impumuzo esheshayo ezimpawini ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nesiyezi.
• Imithi: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana ne-aspirin yokunciphisa ubuhlungu, kanye nama-antihistamine ezimpawu ezifana nokulunywa.

Kuyacasula ukufunda ngesinye isimo ngenkathi ubhekene nesinye. Kodwa khumbula, iningi lezimo ezibangela i-'Secondary Polycythemia' zaziwa kahle futhi zinezindlela eziningi zokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, uma imbangela eyisisekelo yelashwa kahle, lesi simo ngokuvamile ngeke sithinte impilo yakho.