Xa ugqirha ekunika ingxelo yovavanyo aze athi, “Nantsi ingxelo yakho ye-biopsy ,” kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva usoyika kancinci, unomdla, kwaye unemibuzo emininzi. Xa sibona amagama namanani ezonyango kuyo, asikwazi ukuyiqonda kakuhle. Ngenxa yoku, ngamanye amaxesha siyoyika ngokungeyomfuneko. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngendlela yokuqonda le ngxelo ibalulekileyo oyifumanayo malunga nomhlaza, i-Pathology Report, ngaphandle kokoyika.

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Okokuqala, yintoni iNgxelo yePathology?

Ngamafutshane, iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu, nokuba kungotyando okanye nge-biopsy, lithathwa kwindawo ekrokrelwayo yomzimba wakho lize lithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze lihlolwe. Kukho ugqirha ochwephesha kwesi sicubu. Simbiza ngokuba yiPathologist . Ujonga esi sicubu phantsi kwe-microscope, enze uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, aze alungiselele uxwebhu olubizwa ngokuba yiPathology Report oluquka ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu olufana nokuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza kuzo, ukuba zikho, loluphi uhlobo lwazo, kwaye nokuba zisasazekile na.

Ugqirha okunyangayo uza kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olungcono kuwe ngokusekelwe kulwazi olukule ngxelo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ingxelo iqulethe ntoni?

Ezi ngxelo zinokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza. Kodwa kukho izinto eziqhelekileyo ezihlala zibonakala kuzo zonke iingxelo. Masithethe ngazo nganye nganye.

1. Ulwazi lwakho lomntu kunye nolwazi lwakho oluyisampuli (Ulwazi Lokuchonga)

Oku kuquka igama lakho, umhla wokuzalwa, inombolo yobhaliso lwesibhedlele, kunye neenkcukacha zikagqirha wakho, ingcali yezifo eyenze uvavanyo lwezicubu, kunye nelebhu. Ikwachaza nokuba isampuli ithathwe phi emzimbeni kwaye nokuba ifunyenwe ngotyando okanye nge-biopsy.

2. Inkcazo iyonke

Oku kulula kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba ingcali ijonge isiqwenga sesicwili phantsi kwe-microscope, ibhala phantsi iinkcukacha zesicwili ezinokubonwa ngamehlo enyama. Umzekelo, ubungakanani baso (ngesiqhelo ngeesentimitha), ubunzima, umbala, kunye nokuma . Kodwa khumbula, ubungakanani besicwili somhlaza yinxalenye nje yebali. Ngamanye amaxesha, izicwili ezinkulu zinokukhula kancinci kunezicwili ezincinci.

3. Inkcazo yeMicroskopu

Kulapho iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo nezintsonkothileyo zengxelo zikhoyo. Kulapho ingcali yezifo ibhala khona oko ikubonayo emva kokusika izicwili zibe ziziqwenga ezibhityileyo, izifake iidayi ezikhethekileyo, ize izijonge phantsi kwe-microscope enamandla aphezulu. Eli candelo liquka ulwazi oluninzi, olufana nokuba iiseli zomhlaza zibukeka njani, ukuba zithelekiswa njani neeseli eziqhelekileyo, nokuba zisasazeke na kwizicwili ezingqongileyo.

Kukho amagama abaluleke kakhulu kweli candelo aza kukhokela ukuxilongwa kwakho kunye nonyango. Masiwaqonde ngokucacileyo.

Igama elikhankanyiweyo kwingxelo	Intsingiselo elula
Ibanga	Oku kubhekisa kwindlela iiseli zomhlaza ezahluke ngayo (ezingaqhelekanga) kwiiseli ezisempilweni. Okukhona izinga liphezulu, kokukhona amathuba okuba umhlaza ukhule kwaye usasazeke. Ibanga 1 (Ibanga Eliphantsi): Iiseli zifana kancinci neeseli eziqhelekileyo. Azikhuli ngokukhawuleza. Ibanga lesi-2 (Ibanga eliPhakathi): Iiseli azifani neeseli eziqhelekileyo. Zikhula ngesantya esiqhelekileyo. Ibanga lesi-3 (Umgangatho oPhezulu): Iiseli zahlukile kakhulu kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo. Zikhula/zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
Iyahlasela/Ayihlaseli	Ayihlaseli (kwindawo): Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza uphelela kwizicubu apho waqala khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba awukasasazeki kwindawo engqongileyo. Le yimeko entle. I-Invasive: Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo oqale kuyo, waya kwizicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo.
Umda Wethumba	Xa ugqirha esusa ithumba elinomhlaza, ususa indawo encinci yezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze lona. Ezo zicubu ziphilileyo zibizwa ngokuba yi-margin. I-margin ijongwa ukuba ayinazo na iiseli zomhlaza. I-Positive (+): Kukho iiseli zomhlaza kumda. Oku kuthetha ukuba kusenokuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza ezingaphezulu ezisele emzimbeni. Kusenokufuneka olunye utyando. Okungalunganga (-):Umda ucocekile ngokupheleleyo. Akukho ziseli zomhlaza. Esi sesona siphumo singcono kakhulu. Vala: Iiseli zomhlaza azikho emaphethelweni, kodwa zikufutshane kakhulu emaphethelweni. Kusenokufuneka unyango olungakumbi.
Ithumba	Iithumba ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ukuze sibone ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na, sisusa iithumba ezimbalwa ezikufutshane nethumba size sizivavanye. Ezilungileyo (+): Kukho iiseli zomhlaza kwiiseli (ezisasazekayo). Okubi (-): Akukho ziseli zomhlaza kwiqhuma (ayikasasazeka). Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi.
Isantya seMitotic	Oku kulinganisa indlela iiseli zomhlaza ezikhula ngokukhawuleza ngayo. Ixabiso eliphezulu lithetha ukuba umhlaza ukhula ngokukhawuleza.

4. Inqanaba lomhlaza

Le yinto abantu abaninzi abafuna ukuyazi. Inqanaba lomhlaza ngumfanekiso opheleleyo wokuba umhlaza mkhulu kangakanani kwaye usasazeke kangakanani. Oku kufunyanwa kusetyenziswa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-TNM .

T (Ithumba): Ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwethumba lomhlaza lokuqala.
N (Amaqhuqhuva): Nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane okanye akunjalo.
M ( Metastasis ): Nokuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba (umz. isibindi , imiphunga , ubuchopho) kude nalapho waqala khona.

Ngokusekelwe kwezi xabiso ze-TNM, umhlaza unikwa inqanaba lilonke kusetyenziswa amanani esiRoma I, II, III, kunye ne-IV. Inqanaba I lelona nqanaba liphambili. Inqanaba IV lelona nqanaba liphambili, xa umhlaza usasazeke kakhulu. Eminye imidlaza ikwanalo nenqanaba elibizwa ngokuba yi-Stage 0. Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza awusasazeki kwaye ukwinqanaba lokuqala.

5. Ukuxilongwa kokugqibela kunye nezimvo ezongezelelweyo

Ekupheleni kwengxelo, ingcali yezifo iza kushwankathela lonke ulwazi olungasentla ize inike isigqibo sayo sokugqibela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuxilongwa . Oku kuya kuchaza ngokucacileyo uhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba, imeko ye-lymph node, imeko ye-margin, kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba uxilongo luyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, ingxelo ingabandakanya necandelo leeNgxelo ukuze lichaze okanye licebise uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, musa ukuyifunda wedwa le ngxelo uze ufikelele kwizigqibo ngokukhawuleza. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela yonke into ebhalwe kuyo kunye nayo yonke into ebhalwe kuyo. Mbuze ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye amathandabuzo onokuba nawo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ingxelo yakho yesifo somhlaza luxwebhu olubaluleke kakhulu olukunceda wenze izigqibo malunga nemeko yakho kunye nonyango lwexesha elizayo.
Amagama afana neGrade, Stage, Margin, kunye neLymph Node Status achaza uhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye nobunzima bomhlaza.
Ukuba ingxelo ithi iNegative Margin (akukho ziseli zomhlaza kumda) kunye neNegative Lymph Nodes (akukho ziseli zomhlaza kumaqhuqhuva), ezo ziindaba ezimnandi kakhulu.
Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye imibuzo malunga nantoni na ekweli ngxelo, nceda ubuze ugqirha wakho ukuba akucacisele. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika okanye ukuba neentloni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo.