Ngaba kukho umntu omdala kusapho lwakho, mhlawumbi umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye umakhulu wakho, osuka alibale izinto ngequbuliso, atshintshe indlela aziphethe ngayo xa emi, ngamanye amaxesha athethe ngezinto ezingekhoyo, njengokuthi “Ngubani okhoyo?” Ngaba ude abe nobunzima bokuhamba? Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nezi, kusenokungabi kukwaluphala okuqhelekileyo njengoko sicinga. Namhlanje sithetha ngesifo esikhethekileyo esinokubangela iimpawu ezinjalo, esibizwa ngokuba yi- 'Dementia ' okanye i-Lewy Body Dementia , esikudidi lwe-'Memory Loss Diseases'.
Yintoni iLewy Body Dementia (LBD) ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, i-LBD lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo lwesifo sengqondo emva kwesifo sika- Alzheimer . Sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-clumps zeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Lewy bodies" zakha ngaphakathi kwiiseli zethu zobuchopho . Olu hlobo lweproteni lubizwa ngokuba yi-alpha-synuclein. Xa ezi clumps ziqokelelana engqondweni, ziphazamisana nokusebenza kwengqondo okuqhelekileyo, ngakumbi inkumbulo yethu, intshukumo, amandla okucinga, imo yengqondo kunye nokuziphatha .
Ezi mizimba zikaLewy ziphazamisa ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali ezimbini ezibalulekileyo engqondweni.
1. I-Acetylcholine: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkumbulo yethu nokufunda kwethu.
2. I-Dopamine : Oku kulawula intshukumo yomzimba wethu, imeko yeemvakalelo zethu , kunye nokulala.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-LBD. Enye yi- 'Dementia with Lewy bodies' kwaye enye yi- 'Parkinson 's disease dementia'. Kukho umahluko omncinci ngokulandelelana kweempawu.
Oku kwahluke njani kwizifo ze-Alzheimer's kunye ne-Parkinson's?
Abantu abaninzi bayayibhidanisa le mibandela mithathu kuba iimpawu zayo ziyafana kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwazo. Ukwazi oku kubalulekile ekuxilongeni isifo nasekufumaneni unyango olufanelekileyo.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ulandelelwano apho iingxaki zenkumbulo kunye neengxaki zokuhamba zivela khona | Ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) | Amaxesha amaninzi, iingxaki zokuhamba (ubunzima bokuhamba, ukungcangcazela) kunye neengxaki zokukhumbula (ukulibala) zenzeka ngaxeshanye okanye kungekapheli nonyaka. | Ukungaboni kakuhle kunokwenzeka kwasekuqaleni kwesi sifo. Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kokulala kwe-REM kuqhelekile. Izakhono zokunikel’ ingqalelo kunye nokucinga ziyatshintshatshintsha imini yonke (ngamanye amaxesha zilungile kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ziyabhideka kakhulu). |
| Isifo sika-Alzheimer | Iqala ngeengxaki zenkumbulo (ingakumbi inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane). Iingxaki zokuhamba zenzeka kwizigaba zokugqibela zesifo. | Ukungaboni kakuhle kudla ngokubonakala xa isifo sele sihambele phambili kakhulu, oko kukuthi, sikwinqanaba lokugqibela. |
| Isifo sikaParkinson | Iqala ngeengxaki zokuhamba (ukungcangcazela, ukuqina kwemisipha). Iingxaki zenkumbulo (i-dementia) zibonakala kamva kakhulu kwesi sifo, okanye zingaze zibonakale. | Ichaphazela kakhulu intshukumo. Ukuba kukho i-dementia, ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Parkinson's disease dementia'. |
Okubaluleke kakhulu, amayeza anikwa ezi meko nawo ahlukile, ngoko ke ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-LBD?
Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni abanye abantu bevelisa imizimba kaLewy engqondweni yabo, kodwa zichonge izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela oku.
- Ubudala: Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala yinto ebangela umngcipheko omkhulu.
- Ezinye iimeko zonyango:Ukuba neemeko ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson okanye isifo sokuziphatha kwe-REM ebuthongweni.
- Imbali yosapho: Nangona oku kungathathwa njengesifo esizuzwe njengelifa, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba ne-LBD, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nayo uyanda kancinci.
- Isini: Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo kunabafazi.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-LBD?
Ayingabo bonke abaguli abafumana iimpawu ezifanayo. Ezinye iimpawu zinokuba zincinci, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba nzima. Iimpawu zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amane.
| Udidi lweempawu | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Imiphumo kwiZakhono zokuCinga | Ubunzima bokwenza izigqibo, ubunzima bokugweba umgama, ubunzima bokugxila, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukujonga kwindawo enye, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo (imibono), ukudideka ngexesha nendawo. |
| Intshukumo | Ukushukuma kweenyawo xa uhamba, ukuqina komzimba, ukulahlekelwa kukulinganisela nokuwa, ukungcangcazela, ukuma okugobileyo phambili, ubunzima bokuginya, ukuncipha kwembonakalo yobuso, kunye nelizwi elibuthathaka. |
| Imiphumo ekulaleni | Ukulinganisa amaphupha xa ulele (umz., ukukhwaza, ukujika kwamalungu, ukuwa ebhedini), ukozela kakhulu emini, ukungalali, kunye nesidingo sokushukumisa imilenze (i-Restless legs syndrome). |
| Imiphumo kwiMood nakwiZimilo | Uxinzelelo, ixhala, ukungazinzi, i-paranoia, ukugqabhuka komsindo ngequbuliso, ukuhleka okanye ukukhala okungalawulekiyo (impembelelo ye-pseudobulbar). |
Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala ze-LBD?
Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo rhoqo (Hallucinations)Ukungaboni kakuhle luphawu lokuqala oluvela kwi-80% yezigulane ezine-LBD. Oku kuthetha ukuba babona izinto, ezifana nezilwanyana, abantu, kunye nemilo, ezingekhoyo. Ukongeza, utshintsho kwizakhono zokucinga, ukulibala, kunye neengxaki zokulala nazo zinokubonakala kwizigaba zokuqala.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-LBD?
I-LBD ayinakubonwa ngovavanyo olunye. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zayo zifana nezinye iintlobo ze-dementia, kunokuba nzima ukuyifumanisa, ingakumbi kwizigaba zokuqala. Ngoko ke ugqirha uya kuzisusa ezinye iimeko ezibangela iimpawu ezifanayo.
Ugqirha wakho unokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezifana nezi:
- Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nengxoxo enzulu malunga neempawu zakho.
- Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Ukujonga indlela oziva ngayo, amandla akho, ibhalansi yakho, ukuhamba kwakho, kunye nokuhamba kwamehlo akho.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ukungalingani kwamanqanaba eehomoni okanye eevithamini.
- Iiskeni zobuchopho: Iskeni ye-CT okanye i-MRI inokujonga utshintsho olunxulumene nezinye iintlobo zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Iiskeni ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-PET okanye i-SPECT nazo zinokwenziwa.
- Uvavanyo lokulala: Jonga iingxaki zokulala ezifana nesifo sokuziphatha sokulala se-REM.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-LBD?
Okwangoku akukho nyango okanye unyango lwe-LBD. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu nokwenza ubomi bube lula .
- Amayeza:
- Amayeza anjenge-`donepezil (Aricept)` kunye ne-`rivastigmine (Exelon)`, anikwa izigulana ze-Alzheimer's ngenxa yeengxaki zokucinga kunye nokukhumbula.
- Amayeza afana ne-levodopa kwiingxaki zokunyakaza (ukungcangcazela, ukuqina).
- Amayeza anjenge-melatonin okanye i-clonazepam (Klonopin) kwiingxaki zokulala.
- Ezinye iindlela zonyango:
- Unyango lomzimba: Ukuzilolonga ukuphucula intshukumo kunye nokulinganisela.
- Unyango lomsebenzi: Ukufunda indlela yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokulula.
- Ingcebiso: Ukulawula iingxaki zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Amanye amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zengqondo anokuba nemiphumo emibi kubantu abane-LBD. Oku kunokwenza iimpawu (ingakumbi ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo kunye neengxaki zokuhamba) zibe mandundu. Ke ngoko, musa ukusebenzisa naluphi na unyango ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
Ingcebiso kumntu ohlala ne-LBD kunye nabanakekeli bakhe
Ukuphila ne-LBD ngumceli mngeni kubo bobabini isigulane kunye nabanakekeli babo, kodwa ngokucwangcisa kakuhle kunye nenkxaso, uhambo lunokwenziwa lube lula.
- Cinga ngokhuseleko: Susa imiqobo enokubangela ukuba uwe ngaphakathi endlwini. Faka ii-bars zokubamba kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
- Fumana inkxaso: Thetha nosapho kunye nabahlobo ngale nto. Fumana uncedo lwabo. Umnakekeli naye udinga ukuphumla.
- Cwangcisa kwangaphambili: Cwangcisa amalungiselelo asemthethweni nawemali kwangaphambili ngokweminqweno yesigulana.
- Yonwaba: Cela isigulana sithathe inxaxheba kwizinto ezisenza sonwabe kwaye sizonwabele (ezifana nokumamela umculo, ukuzoba, njl.njl.).
Nangona umyinge wobomi bezigulane ze-LBD yiminyaka esi-7-8 emva kokuqala kweempawu, oku kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Ngokhathalelo nonyango olufanelekileyo, ezinye izigulana zinokuphila ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-20.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Lewy body dementia (LBD) yimeko ebangelwa kukufakwa kweeproteni engqondweni echaphazela inkumbulo, intshukumo, kunye nokuziphatha.
- Oku kwahlukile kwisifo sika-Alzheimer kunye nesifo sikaParkinson ngokulandelelana kunye nohlobo lweempawu. Ukuphazamiseka kokubona kunye neengxaki zokulala zixhaphakile kwi-LBD.
- Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo loku, amayeza kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinokulawula iimpawu kwaye zenze ubomi bube lula.
- Ukuba umntu osondeleyo kuwe uhlangabezana nezi mpawu, ungoyiki kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza . Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Impilo yengqondo neyomzimba yomntu onyamekela umntu nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna inkxaso xa kuyimfuneko.
I-Lewy Body Dementia, i-LBD, i-Dementia, i-Memorial Loss, i-Alzheimer's, i-Parkinson's, impilo yabantu abadala
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