Ingaba sisifo sesifuba? Ukukhohlela nje? Okanye yi-pneumonia? Masithethe!

Ngaba wakha waba nomkhuhlane oziva uxinezelekile esifubeni sakho kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla? Uninzi lwexesha, sicinga ngezi zinto njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yinto embi ngakumbi. Yiyo loo nto i-pneumonia. Namhlanje, masithethe ngesi sifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula, kulungile?

Yintoni kanye kanye i-pneumonia?

Ngamafutshane, i-pneumonia lusulelo lwemiphunga yakho. Ukuchaneka, kuxa iingxowa zomoya ezincinci ngaphakathi kwimiphunga yakho ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli zivuvukala zize zizaliswe lulwelo okanye yi-pus. Cinga ngemiphunga yakho njengeeqoqo ezincinci zeediliya ezikwi-bronchioles ezikhula njengeesebe zomthi. Ezi ngxowa zomoya kulapho ioksijini esiyiphefumlayo ifunxwa khona egazini. Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni xa ezi ngxowa zosuleleka? Awukwazi ukufunxa ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo, unengxaki yokuphefumla, unentlungu esifubeni, kwaye ukhohlela i-mucus. Uyaqonda? Oku kunokwenzeka kwimiphunga enye kuphela, okanye kunokwenzeka kwimiphunga yomibini.

Zithini izizathu ze-pneumonia?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izizathu eziphambili zesi sifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia. Ixesha elininzi, sibangelwa zizinto ezincinci ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni ethu.

• Iintsholongwane: I-pneumonia inokwenzeka xa iintlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane zingena emiphungeni. I-Streptococcus pneumoniae yimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-pneumonia. Olu hlobo lweentsholongwane alusoloko lubangela monakalo emphinjeni nasezimpumlweni zethu, kodwa lunokuba yingxaki ukuba lungena emiphungeni xa inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibuthathaka.
• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane esizifumanayo sonke ngamanye amaxesha zinokudlulela kwi-pneumonia. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala. Imizekelo yeentsholongwane ibandakanya `(i-Influenza virus)` (siyibiza ngokuba yi-'flu' virus), `(Respiratory Syncytial Virus - RSV)`. Sibonile ukuba intsholongwane ye-Covid-19 (`COVID-19`) inokubangela i-pneumonia enzima.
• Iifungi: Oku akuvamile kangako, kodwa abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, okanye abo banezinye izifo ezinzulu (umz., i-HIV/AIDS), nabo banokuba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yosulelo lwefungus.
• Ukufutha ukutya okanye ulwelo kwiindlela zomoya (i-Aspiration Pneumonia): Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kubantu abangazi nto (umz., umntu oye waba nestroke) okanye abanengxaki yokuginya, ukutya okanye isiselo, okanye umxholo wesisu (ulwelo oluneasidi) unokungena emiphungeni, nto leyo ebangela i-pneumonia. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-aspiration pneumonia.

Jonga, kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha kufuneka afumanise ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwentsholongwane olubangela esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba asinyange.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-pneumonia?

Ewe, kukho iindlela ezithile zokwahlulwa kwe-pneumonia ngokusekelwe kwindlela ekhula ngayo kunye nendawo eyenzeka kuyo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzifunde ezi zinto ngokungathi uza kuvavanyo olukhulu, kodwa kulungile ukwazi okuncinci.

• I-Pneumonia Efunyenwe Kuluntu (i-CAP): Olu luhlobo lwe-pneumonia esilubona rhoqo, olufunyanwa ngaphandle kwezibhedlele, kwiindawo zemihla ngemihla.
• I-Pneumonia Efunyenwe Esibhedlele (HAP): I-Pneumonia eyenzeka ngelixa umntu esesibhedlele ngenxa yesinye isifo (ngesiqhelo kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokungeniswa esibhedlele). Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu, njengoko iintsholongwane ezifumaneka ezibhedlele ngamanye amaxesha zinokungamelani namayeza.
• I-Hamba ngePneumonia: Olu luhlobo lwe-pneumonia olungenamandla kangako nolungabangeli ngxaki. Abanye abantu abazi nokuba banayo, ivakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Bangakwazi ukuqhubeka nobomi babo bemihla ngemihla, yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-"hamba ngePneumonia". Kodwa inokuba yingozi ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Nangona kukho iintlobo ezinjalo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza nje xa kuvela iimpawu.

Uyazi njani ukuba une-pneumonia? - Iimpawu

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iimpawu onokuzifumana xa ufumana i-pneumonia. Ezi azifiki ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu. Abanye abantu basenokuqala kancinci, ngelixa abanye benokuqala ngequbuliso.

• Ukukhwehlela: Olu luphawu oluphambili. Ukukhwehlela ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangela i-phlegm etyheli, eluhlaza, emdaka, okanye enegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuqala njengokukhwehlela okomileyo.
• Umkhuhlane: Usenokuba nomkhuhlane, onokuba phezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiidigri ezingama-38 zeCelsius (iidigri ezingama-100.4 zeFahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ubunzima bokuphefumla xa udiniwe kancinci, okanye uziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo okanye uphefumla ngokukhawuleza nangona umile nje.
• Intlungu yesifuba: Usenokuva intlungu ebukhali, ehlabayo kwelinye icala okanye phakathi kwesifuba sakho xa uphefumla okanye ukhohlela. Le ntlungu inokuba mandundu xa uphefumla nzulu.
• Ukudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe kwaye ungakwazi ukwenza nantoni na.
• Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, okanye urhudo: Abanye abantu banokuba nazo ezi mpawu, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci.
• Ukudideka okanye ukutshintsha kwengqondo: Olu luphawu oluxhaphakileyo kubantu abadala (abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala). Basenokudideka, njengokulahlekelwa yingqondo yendawo nexesha.
• Ukubila nokuziva ubanda.
• Ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu (uxinzelelo) kunye nentlungu yemisipha.

Kubalulekile: Ukongeza kumkhuhlane nokukhwehlela, umntwana one-pneumonia unokubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nokutsalwa kwesifuba, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukwala ukuncancisa, ukozela, ukuhlanza, kunye nokudumba kwesisu. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu kumntwana , kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha kunokuba ucinge ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia?

Nangona nabani na enokuba ne-pneumonia, abanye abantu banokuba nayo, oko kukuthi, basengozini enkulu .

• Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala: Kuba amajoni azo omzimba awakakhuli ngokupheleleyo.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Kuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyaba buthathaka xa abantu bekhula kwaye ezinye izifo ezingapheliyo zinokubakho.
• Abantu Abatshayayo: Ukutshaya konakalisa iindlela zokuzikhusela zemiphunga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sesichengeni sokufumana iintsholongwane.
• Abantu abanezinye izifo zemiphunga: Umzekelo, abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-asthma, isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD), kunye ne-cystic fibrosis.
• Abantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka: Abantu abane-HIV/AIDS, abantu abasebenzisa amayeza omhlaza (umz., i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy), abantu abafumana izitho zomzimba, kunye nabantu abasebenzisa amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ixesha elide, njenge-steroids, banamandla aphantsi okulwa nezifo.
• Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nesifo sezintso.
• Abantu abasandula ukwenziwa utyando olukhulu okanye abafumana unyango esibhedlele, ingakumbi abo baqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator.
• Abantu abanengxaki yokuginya (dysphagia), umz. ngenxa yestroke, isifo sikaParkinson.

Ukuba uwela kolu luhlu, kungcono ukuba uqaphele ngakumbi iimpawu ze-pneumonia, kwaye ucinge ngeendlela zokuthintela i-pneumonia.

Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani i-pneumonia?

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze afumanise ukuba unayo na inyumoniya.

• Uza kubuzwa ngembali yakho yezonyango: Zithini iimpawu zakho, unexesha elingakanani unazo, ngaba unezinye izifo, ngaba uyatshaya, ngaba ukhe wahamba uhambo kutshanje, kwaye ngaba kukho omnye umntu ogulayo ekhayeni lakho?
• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha uza kumamela esifubeni sakho nge-stethoscope, ekhangela izandi ezingaqhelekanga (ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye ne-rhonchi) emiphungeni yakho. Baza kujonga nomkhuhlane, izinga lokuphefumla, kunye nesantya sentliziyo.
• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo olusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa i-pneumonia. I-X-reyi ingabonisa ngokucacileyo iindawo zosulelo (ezifana namabala amhlophe) emiphungeni.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi:Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-FBC) kunokubonisa ukuba kukho usulelo (ukwanda kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi) kunye nokuba lunzima kangakanani. Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-C-Reactive Protein (CRP) lunokunika umbono wobunzima bosulelo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-culture yegazi inokwenziwa, ingakumbi ukuba usulelo lunzima.
• Ukuphuhliswa kwe-sputum kunye ne-Gram stain: Ukuba une-phlegm, olu vavanyo lungenziwa ukuze kuthathwe isampuli ye-phlegm kufumaneke ukuba yeyiphi intsholongwane ekuyo. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula ukunika amayeza afanelekileyo kuloo ntsholongwane.
• I-Pulse Oximetry: Isixhobo esincinci esifana ne-clip sincamathiselwa emnweni wakho ukulinganisa umlinganiselo we-oksijini egazini lakho. Oku kunokuba sezantsi kwi-pneumonia (ngesiqhelo kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwe-95%).

Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu, kunokufuneka uvavanyo olukhethekileyo, olufana ne-CT scan (yesifuba), i-pleural fluid culture, okanye i-bronchoscopy. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, i-pneumonia inokufunyanwa ngezi mvavanyo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-pneumonia?

Unyango lwe-pneumonia luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nesizathu (seentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane), ubudala bakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nobunzima beempawu zakho.

• Kwi-pneumonia yebhaktiriya: Ugqirha wakho uhlala ekunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Kubalulekile ukuthatha la mayeza kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela, lonke ixesha lonyango lwakho. Musa ukuyeka ukuwathatha kuba nje uzive ungcono. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba usulelo lwakho lube mandundu okanye kubangele ukunganyangeki kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
• Kwi-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane: Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi kwiintsholongwane. Kwezinye ii-pneumonia ezibangelwa yintsholongwane (ezifana nezo zibangelwa yi-influenza), amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokunikwa kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-48 zesifo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwee-pneumonia ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ziyaphela ngokwazo kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kubalulekile ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo kunye nolwelo (amanzi, isuphu, ijusi yeziqhamo) ngeli xesha.
• Kwi-pneumonia yefungus: Kusetyenziswa amayeza okulwa nefungus koku.

Ukongeza, amayeza anikwa ukulawula iimpawu:

• Nciphisa umkhuhlane, nciphisa iintlungu: into efana neparacetamol.
• Amayeza okukhwehlela: Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha abaniki amayeza okunciphisa ukukhwehlela kuba ukukhwehlela yindlela yendalo yokususa i-mucus emiphungeni. Ukuba kukho i-mucus eninzi, banokunika amayeza okukhupha ii-expectorants ukuze ayinciphise kancinci.

Ekhaya? Esibhedlele?

Uninzi lwabantu lunokuchacha kwi-pneumonia ekhaya ngonyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko yakho inzima, njengobunzima bokuphefumla, amanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini egazini (ngaphantsi kwe-92% kwi-pulse oximeter), umntu omdala (oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala), umntu onezinye izifo ezinzulu, okanye usana oluncinci (ingakumbi olungaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala), ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni akulalise esibhedlele. Esibhedlele, unganikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane e-IV, unyango lweoksijini, isisombululo setyuwa ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye nolunye unyango olufunekayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukumamela oko ugqirha akuthethayo uze ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Ukuba uthatha amayeza afanelekileyo uze uphumle ngokwaneleyo, uya kuqala ukuziva ungcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa kungathatha iiveki ezimbalwa ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo.

Iindlela zokuthintela i-pneumonia

Kukho intetho ethi, "Kungcono ukukhuseleka kunokuzisola emva kokugula." Makhe sibone ukuba singenza ntoni ukuze siphephe i-pneumonia.

• Fumana ii-Vaccines: Kukho ii-vaccines ezithintela ezinye iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela i-pneumonia.
• Ugonyo lwe-pneumococcal: Olu gonyo lukhusela kwintsholongwane i-Streptococcus pneumoniae. Lucetyiswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, kunye nabantu abanezifo ezithile ezingapheliyo.
• Ugonyo lwe-Influenza (I-Flu shot): Ukufumana olu gonyo minyaka le kunokuthintela umkhuhlane kwaye kunokukhusela nakwi-pneumonia ebangelwa ngumkhuhlane.
• Fumana ezinye izitofu zabantwana (ezifana ne-Hib vaccine kunye ne-measles vaccine) ngexesha.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nezi gonyo uze ufumane elona lifanelekileyo kuwe.

• Landela iindlela ezilungileyo zococeko:
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi (ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20), ingakumbi ngaphambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, emva kokugula, nasemva kokuphuma ngaphandle. Sebenzisa isepha okanye isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye ngengqiniba yakho xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Lahla ithishu ezisetyenzisiweyo kwinkunkuma ngoko nangoko.
• Zama ukuhlala kude nabantu abagulayo. Ukuba uyagula, hlala ekhaya ukuze ungasasazisi kwabanye.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, zama ukuyeka. Kuphephe ukuphefumla umsi xa uphakathi kwabanye abantu abatshayayo (ukutshaya ngaphandle kokutshaya). Ukutshaya konakalisa iindlela zokuzikhusela zendalo zemiphunga.
• Gcina amasosha omzimba wakho eqinile: Yitya ukutya okunempilo (imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo), lala ngokwaneleyo (iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku), kwaye uzilolonge rhoqo. Ezi zinto ziya kwandisa amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nokugula.
• Lawula izifo ezingapheliyo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, okanye i-asthma, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ukuze uzilawule ngokufanelekileyo.

Ezi zinto zincinci zinokwenza umahluko omkhulu, akunjalo?

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unempawu enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo, ngaphandle komkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane ongapheli kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

• Ukuba unengxaki enkulu yokuphefumla , okanye ukuba isifuba sakho sibuhlungu xa uphefumla.
• Ukuba unentlungu eqatha esifubeni .
• Ukuba umkhuhlane awunciphi kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwe-3 , okanye ukuba umkhuhlane uqhubeka uphezulu ngaphezu kwama-39 degrees Celsius (102 Fahrenheit).
• Ukuba ukhwehlela igazi .
• Ukuba imilebe okanye iinzipho zakho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (le yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-cyanosis, uphawu lokuba igazi lakho alifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo).
• Ukuba kukho ukudideka okanye utshintsho engqondweni (ingakumbi kubantu abadala).
• Ukuba kuvakala ngathi kuya kuba mandundu kunangaphambili , okanye ukuba kuvakala ngathi kubi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
• Ukuba uhlanza rhoqo kwaye awukwazi ukugcina nantoni na phantsi.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje ngezi, ingakumbi kumntwana omncinci (ingakumbi umntwana ongaphantsi kweenyanga ezimbini ubudala), umntu omdala, okanye umntu onezinye izifo ezingapheliyo, kungcono ukubasa kugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuqala unyango kwangethuba kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.

Ukuqukumbela, khumbula oku:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-pneumonia namhlanje, akunjalo? Khumbula, i-pneumonia lusulelo lwemiphunga. Inokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane. Iimpawu eziphambili kukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo:

* Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uneempawu ze-pneumonia, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuzinyanga.

* Sela amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho, ingakumbi amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kanye ngexesha elimiselweyo kwaye ngokwedosi emiselweyo. Musa ukuyeka ukuwasela kuba nje uzive ungcono.

* Isifo semiphunga sinokuthintelwa kakhulu ngokugonywa, ukuzigcina ucocekile (ingakumbi ukuhlamba izandla), kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya.

* Phumla ngokwaneleyo, yitya ukutya okunesondlo, kwaye uhlale unamanzi emzimbeni.

Isifo semiphunga asinto yokoyika, kodwa asinto yokoyika. Ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ngokukhawuleza. Ndikunqwenelela impilo entle wena nosapho lwakho!

I- pneumonia, usulelo lwemiphunga, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ii-antibiotics, imiphunga, i-X-reyi, iintsholongwane, intsholongwane