Ngaba wakha waya kwindawo eyomileyo, umzekelo, kwiindawo ezifana neAnuradhapura okanye iPolonnaruwa? Umele ukuba ukhe weva abantu abadala bekuxelela ukuba ulumke kwiingcongconi xa uhamba. Isizathu esiphambili saloo nto sisifo esibizwa ngokuba yimalariya. Nangona yayikade iyingxaki enkulu yempilo kwilizwe lethu, iSri Lanka ngoku iqinisekiswe yiWorld Health Organisation njengelizwe elingenamalariya. Loo nto yimpumelelo enkulu! Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba masilibale ngayo ngokupheleleyo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela imalariya, ingakumbi ukuba uya kwelinye ilizwe ngenxa yomsebenzi okanye uhambo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni imalariya, isasazeka njani, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela.
Yintoni kanye kanye imalariya?
Ngamafutshane, imalariya sisifo esibi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha esisongela ubomi esibangelwa yiparasite. Esi sifo sidluliselwa kuthi ngokulunywa yingcongconi yebhinqa (uhlobo lwe-Anopheles) enemalariya. Xa esi sifo singena egazini lethu, kuqala siye esibindini. Apho, siyanda, siphinde singene egazini size siqale ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Kulapho siqala khona ukubonisa iimpawu. Nangona imalariya ingasaxhaphakanga eSri Lanka, esi sifo sisaxhaphakile kumazwe anemozulu efudumeleyo efana namazwe aseAfrika, amanye amazwe aseMzantsi-mpuma ne-Asia, kunye namanye amazwe aseMzantsi Melika. Ke ngoko, ukuba uya kwilizwe elinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele oku.
Zeziphi iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezibangela imalariya?
I-Malaria ibangelwa yiparasite ebizwa ngokuba yiPlasmodium. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-malaria ezibangela i-malaria ebantwini. Ayizizo zonke ezifanayo; ezinye ziyingozi ngakumbi kunezinye.
| Uhlobo lwezibungu | Inkcazo |
|---|
| I-Plasmodium falciparum | Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu. Lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Lunokubangela izinto ezifana ne-anemia enzima kunye nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincinci engqondweni. Ukuba ichaphazela ingqondo, siyibiza ngokuba yi -cerebral malaria . Oku kukwasongela ubomi. Kuxhaphake kakhulu eAfrika. |
| I-Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Olu hlobo lwahlukile kancinci. Lunokuhlala lungabonakali esibindini kangangeenyanga, kwaneminyaka, emva kokulunywa yingcongconi luze luphinde lubuye. Luqhelekile eAsia naseLatin America. |
| I-Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Oku kufana kakhulu neP. vivax kwaye kuxhaphake kakhulu eNtshona Afrika nakwiziqithi zasentshona yePasifiki. |
| I-Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) | Ukuba alunyangwa kakuhle, olu hlobo lunokubangela usulelo olungapheliyo oluhlala ubomi bonke. Lubonakala kwihlabathi liphela. |
| I-Plasmodium knowlesi (P. knowlesi) | Nangona olu luhlobo oludla ngokuchaphazela iinkawu, ngoku kufunyaniswe ukuba lunokosulela nabantu. Luyanda kwiiyure ezingama-24, ngoko ke lunokuba yingozi ngokukhawuleza. Lufumaneka kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia. |
Isasazeka njani imalariya?
Eyona ndlela iphambili kukulunywa yingcongconi yemazi i-Anopheles ethwele i-malaria parasite .
Ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane, ngokuthimla, ukubamba, okanye ukwabelana ngesondo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imalariya ayisasazeki. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, inokusasazeka ngezinye iindlela:
- Ngokufumana igazi kumntu osulelekileyo (kodwa ngoku, kuba igazi livavanywa ngaphambi kokuba linikwe, amathuba okuba oku kwenzeke aphantsi kakhulu).
- Ngokwabelana ngeenaliti ezifakwe igazi elinosulelo.
- Ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo onentsholongwane ukuya kumntwana wakhe, ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokuzala.
Zithini iimpawu zemalariya?
Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala emva
kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-15 emva kokulunywa yingcongconi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zesifo (ingakumbi i-P. vivax) zingathatha ixesha elide. Iimpawu zokuqala zinokufana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzibhida.
Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka xa isifo sinzima
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|
| - Umkhuhlane ophezulu | - Intlungu yomzimba |
| - Ukugodola | - Intloko ebuhlungu |
| - Ukubila okugqithisileyo | - Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza |
| - Ukudinwa kakhulu | - Urhudo |
| - Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-jaundice) | - Ukudideka |
| - Ukuxhuzula/ukuxhuzula | - Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso |
| - Igazi esitulweni | - Ubunzima bokuphefumla |
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. I-Malaria sisifo esinokuya sibi ngokukhawuleza. Kungoko ke,
kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwilizwe apho imalariya iyingozi kwaye unezinye zeempawu ezidweliswe apha ngasentla, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngembali yakho yohambo.
Ungayixilonga njani imalariya?
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yohambo, ugqirha wakho unokurhanela ukuba unemalariya. Baza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo.
- Ukuthambisa igazi: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo noluchanekileyo. Ithontsi legazi elivela emnweni wakho libekwa kwisilayidi, lifakwe idayi ekhethekileyo, lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kungabonisa ukuba i-parasite ikhona na, iluhlobo luni, kwaye zingaphi ezikhoyo.
- Uvavanyo Lokuxilonga Olukhawulezileyo (RDT): Olu luvavanyo olunokubonelela ngeziphumo ezikhawulezileyo. Njengovavanyo lwe -COVID-19 ekhaya, ithontsi legazi libekwa kumcu wovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kuchonga uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-parasite, ngoko ke kufuneka kwenziwe i-blood smear.
- Uvavanyo lweMolekyuli (PCR): Olu vavanyo luvavanya ubukho beDNA yeparasite egazini. Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuchongeni uhlobo oluthile lweparasite.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba ukhe waba ne-malaria ngaphambili.
Unyango kunye nokuthintela
Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, uhlobo lwe-parasite osulelwe yiyo, ubukhali beempawu zakho, ubudala bakho, nokuba ukhulelwe na, kunye nendawo osulelwe kuyo. Amayeza ugqirha wakho anokuwacebisa aquka i-Chloroquine, i-Artemether-lumefantrine, kunye ne-Primaquine.
Ungaze uwasebenzise la mayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ungazikhusela njani kwi-malaria?
Bathi, “Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga.” Ukuba usiya kwilizwe apho imalariya iyingozi khona, qiniseka ukuba uyazenza ezi zinto.
- Nxiba impahla egquma ulusu: iibhulukhwe ezinde, iihempe ezinemikhono emide.
- Sebenzisa isixovuli sezinambuzane: Faka isixovuli sezinambuzane esinesithako esifana ne-DEET kwiindawo zesikhumba ezivezwe elukhumbeni.
- Sebenzisa inethi zokuthintela iingcongconi: Xa ulele, ukusebenzisa inethi yokuthintela iingcongconi, ingakumbi leyo inyangwe ngesibulali-zinambuzane (esifana ne-permethrin), kunika ukhuseleko olukhulu.
- Fumana amayeza okuthintela: Bona ugqirha ngaphambi kohambo lwakho kwaye ufumane amayeza okuthintela imalariya afanelekileyo kwindawo oya kuyo. Eli yeza kufuneka lithathwe ixesha elithile ngaphambi, ngexesha, nasemva kohambo lwakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Malaria sisifo esinokubulala esidluliselwa kukulunywa yingcongconi enesifo.
- Nangona imalariya isusiwe eSri Lanka, abantu baseSri Lanka abaya kumazwe anobungozi bemalariya basesengozini.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubanda, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu, ingakumbi emva kokuhamba phesheya, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .
- Ngaphambi kokuba uye kwindawo enobungozi bemalariya, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuzikhusela kwiingcongconi kunye nokuthatha amayeza okuthintela.
- Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu ezibangelwa yimalariya.
IMalariya, IMalariya IsiSinhala, Izifo ezithwalwa yiingcongconi, Iimpawu zeMalariya, Unyango lweMalariya, Ukhuseleko kwiMalariya, iPlasmodium
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