Ngaba unayo ikati ekhaya? Ngoko ke qaphela oku: Yonke into malunga neToxoplasmosis!

Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Toxoplasmosis'? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Kodwa ukuba unekati ekhayeni lakho ngenxa yothando, okanye ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi okuncinci ngaso. Sisifo esibangelwa yiparasite encinci kakhulu, engabonakaliyo . Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ukuba yintoni, sibangelwa njani, ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kuso.

Yintoni iToxoplasmosis? Ngamazwi alula...

I-Toxoplasmosis sisifo esibangelwa yiparasite encinci ebizwa ngokuba yiToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Esi parasite siyazala, okanye senza inzala yaso, emathunjini eekati. Ezi parasite zichitheka kwindle yekati. Singasifumana esi sifo nokuba ngokudibana ngqo nendle yekati (umzekelo, xa sicoca ibhokisi yenkunkuma), okanye ngokutya inyama equlethe esi parasite (ukuba ityiwe ingaphekwanga kakuhle).

Ixesha elininzi, asinazo iimpawu xa sifumana olu sulelo . Kodwa xa inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela (njengamajoni alwela ukukhusela imizimba yethu kwizifo) ihlasela ezi ntsholongwane, zenza amaqhuma amancinci abizwa ngokuba yi- 'cysts' ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngaphakathi kwezi 'cysts', intsholongwane inokuhlala ithule kwaye ingabi nangxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iintsholongwane ezingaphakathi kwezi 'cysts' ziphinda zisebenze kamva, isifo siya kuvela.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu sesi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-toxoplasmosis?

Enyanisweni, nabani na unokosulelwa yi-parasite ye-T. gondii. Kodwa, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, uninzi lwabantu alubonisi zimpawu . Inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ilawula le parasite ngasese.

Nangona kunjalo, i-toxoplasmosis inokuba yingozi kakhulu kubafazi abakhulelweyo nakubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka , njengabo bosulelwe yi -HIV kunye nezigulane ezinomhlaza . Akukafunyaniswa ukuba ukuba nekati ekhaya kuyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana i-toxoplasmosis ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ukuba wosulelwa yi-toxoplasmosis ngelixa ukhulelwe okanye sele uza kukhulelwa, i-parasite ingadlula kuwe iye kumntwana wakho nge-placenta. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu kunye nokuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo.Kungenjalo, umntwana unokuba neengxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana neengxaki zokubona, ukungaboni, ukulibaziseka kokukhula, kunye nokukhubazeka kokufunda. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ingaba amasosha omzimba wakho abuthathaka?

Ukuba uphila ne-HIV, unomhlaza, okanye usela amayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba, inkqubo yakho yomzimba ayisebenzi kakuhle. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulwa nesifo. Sibabiza aba bantu ngokuba ne-immunocompromised .

Nangona umntu oqhelekileyo enokulwa ne-toxoplasmosis ngaphandle kweempawu, kumntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, usulelo olutsha okanye ukuphinda kosulelo oludala kunokuba yingozi ebomini .

Ukuba wakha waba ne-toxoplasmosis, i-parasite ye-T. gondii ihlala kwi-cysts emzimbeni wakho. Xa inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ibuthathaka, ezi parasite ezingasebenziyo zinokuphinda zisebenze kwaye zikwenze ugule. Ukuba azinyangwa, zingonakalisa amalungu omzimba kwaye zibangele nokufa kumntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo ibizwa ngokuba yi-toxoplasmosis?

Ehlabathini lonke, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu wosulelwe yi-parasite ye-T. gondii. Kodwa okumangalisayo kukuba, abantu abaninzi abosulelweyo ababonisi zimpawu.

Yintoni ebangela i-toxoplasmosis? Ingena njani emizimbeni yethu?

Eyona nto ibangela oku yiparasite ethi `T. gondii`. Siyifumana ngokungena ngokungazi into equlethe le parasite.

Ngenxa yendlela esi silwanyana esizifihla ngayo emzimbeni, unokuba neempawu ngoko nangoko xa usulelwe okokuqala okanye kamva. Xa esi silwanyana singena emzimbeni okokuqala, abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ilawula olu sulelo lokuqala ngaphandle kweempawu.

Xa iiseli zethu zomzimba zilwa nale ntsholongwane, i-T. gondii yenza iingxowa ezincinci (ii-cysts) emzimbeni. Ngaphakathi kwezi cysts, inokuhlala ingasebenzi ixesha elide, ngaphandle komsebenzi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba nangona ezi cysts ngamanye amaxesha ziqhekeka kwaye ii-parasite zikhutshwa, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyalwa nazo kwaye izigcina zilawulwa. Njengakwisifo sokuqala, ngokuqhelekileyo akukho zimpawu ngeli xesha.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka, iintsholongwane eziphuma kuloo cysts ziqhekekileyo zinokubangela imeko entsha ye-toxoplasmosis (ukuvuselelwa kwakhona).

Ngoko ke esi silwanyana singena njani emizimbeni yethu?

Oku kudla ngokutya ngokungazi into equlethe i-'T. gondii' parasite.

I-parasite ethi `T. gondii` ihlala emathunjini eekati kwaye iphuma kwindle yazo. Le ndle yekati inokungcolisa umhlaba, amanzi, izityalo, kwanokutya esikutyayo.

Ungayifumana le ntsholongwane ngokungaziyo ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukucoca ibhokisi yenkunkuma yekati.
• Ukulima kwiindawo apho iikati zihambahamba khona.
• Ukusela amanzi angahluzwanga okanye anganyangwanga.
• Ukutya iziqhamo okanye imifuno engahlanjwanga.
• Ukutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle okanye efrijini ngendlela engafanelekanga.

I-Toxoplasmosis ayisosifo esinokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye (nangona sinokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kumntwana wakhe). Kwakhona, kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba sidluliselwe ngokufakelwa ilungu lomzimba elineentsholongwane okanye ukufakelwa igazi.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis?

Ezi mpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni i-parasite isebenza phi emzimbeni. Ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ingaba lusulelo olutsha (olubukhali), uvuselelo, okanye usulelo oluzalwa nalo.

Iimpawu ze-Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Kulapho i-parasite ye-T. gondii ihlasela iliso elinye okanye omabini. Le meko idla ngokubonakala kubantwana abancinci okanye kubantu abadala abancinci abasuleleke yi-T. gondii xa bezalwa . Amaxesha amaninzi, iliso linokuchaphazela nokuba i-T. gondii ivele okokuqala. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Intlungu yamehlo.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ubumfama.

Iimpawu ze-acute toxoplasmosis

Le yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo xa udibana ne-parasite ye-T. gondii okokuqala. Uninzi lwabantu alunazo naziphi na iimpawu . Nangona kunjalo, abanye banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nokubanda. Ezi ziquka:

• Ifiva.
• Ukudinwa, ukudinwa.
• Intlungu yemisipha.
• Ama-lymph nodes angenabuhlungu, avuvukileyo entanyeni okanye emakhwapheni.
• Umqala obuhkungu.
• Ukwanda kwesibindi kunye ne-spleen (i-hepatosplenomegaly).
• I-toxoplasmosis yeliso (oku kunqabile kakhulu).

Iimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis evuselelweyo

Ukuba amasosha omzimba wakho abuthathaka, usenokuba nosulelo lwe-T. gondii olungazange lukwazi ukulwa nosulelo. Oku kuquka abantu abane-AIDS okanye umhlaza, okanye abantu abasebenzisa amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-toxoplasmosis kudla ngokubangela iimpawu ezichaphazela ingqondo kunye nomqolo (inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi okanye i-CNS) . Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukuxhuzula ( ukuxhuzula ).
• Ifiva.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngamandla kwelinye icala lobuso (ukukhubazeka kobuso).
• Utshintsho kwimbono.
• Ukuba ndindisholo.
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukuncipha kokuhambahamba.
• Usulelo lobuchopho (`iToxoplasmic encephalitis`).
• I-Coma.

Iimpawu zeCongenital Toxoplasmosis

Oku kwenzeka xa i-parasite idluliselwa kumama ukuya kusana nge-placenta. Abanye abantwana basenokungabi nazimpawu xa bezalwa, kodwa basengozini enkulu yokubonakalisa iimpawu kamva ebomini . Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-jaundice).
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba.
• Ukwanda kwesibindi kunye ne-spleen (i-hepatosplenomegaly).
• Ukulahlekelwa yimbono, iintlungu zamehlo, okanye ukuva ukukhanya (i-retinochoroiditis).
• Iidiphozithi zecalcium engqondweni.
• I-Hydrocephalus (ulwelo olusebuchotsheni).
• Intloko encinci (i-microcephaly).
• Ukuxhuzula okubangelwa kukuxhuzula.
• Ukulibaziseka ekuphuhlisweni kwezakhono zokunyakaza.
• Ukulibaziseka okanye utshintsho lokufunda.
• I-toxoplasmosis yeliso.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-toxoplasmosis? Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani?

Ukuze kufunyaniswe i-toxoplasmosis, ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Yile nto idla ngokwenziwa. Kuthathwa igazi elincinci emthanjeni wakho lize lithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze kuhlolwe ii-antibodies kwi-parasite ye-T. gondii. Ngamanye amaxesha, bajonga neenxalenye ze-parasite (i-DNA).
• I-Biopsy: Oku akwenzeki rhoqo. Kuthathwa isiqwenga sethishu emzimbeni size sihlolwe iimpawu ze-T. gondii.
• Ukufota: Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-toxoplasmosis engqondweni yakho, banokuyalela i-CT scan okanye i-MRI. Oku kuquka ukukulala phantsi kumatshini nokuthatha imifanekiso yengqondo yakho.
• Ukubhobozwa kweLumbar: Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-toxoplasmosis engqondweni yakho okanye emgogodleni . Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti ukususa inani elincinci lolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) kumqolo wakho ongezantsi. Ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ivavanywe i-T. gondii.
• I-Amniocentesis: Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ufunyaniswe une-toxoplasmosis, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo. Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yeeseli ezivela kulwelo (i-amniotic fluid) olujikeleze umntwana wakho ukuze kukhangelwe iimpawu ze-T. gondii.
• I-ultrasound scan: Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ufunyaniswe une-toxoplasmosis, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe i-ultrasound scan. Nangona oku kukodwa kungenakukwazi ukufumanisa i-toxoplasmosis, kunokujonga utshintsho kwingqondo yomntwana olunokubonisa usulelo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-toxoplasmosis?

I-Toxoplasmosis inyangwa ngokudibanisa amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane kunye nee-antibiotics. La mayeza ayayithintela intsholongwane ye-T. gondii ukuba ingakhuli kwaye isasazeke emzimbeni.

Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-``Folinic acid``` likwanikwa ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abantu abanamandla okuzikhusela komzimba kwaye abangenazo iimpawu abanyangwa i-toxoplasmosis. Oku kungenxa yokuba unyango lusebenza kuphela xa iintsholongwane zisebenza. La mayeza awakwazi ukubulala ii-cysts ezileleyo eziye zavela emzimbeni.

Amayeza aqhelekileyo anikwa i-toxoplasmosis ngala:

• `I-Pyrimethamine`
• `I-Sulfadiazine`
• `Atovaquone`
• `Spiramycin` (ngaphambi kweeveki ezili-18 zokukhulelwa)
• ``I-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole''
• `I-Clindamycin`
• `Leucovorin`

Ndiza kuziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Uninzi lwezicwangciso zonyango zithatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu, kodwa unokuqala ukuziva ungcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa nje. Kungathatha iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuba umonakalo wengqondo obangelwe yiparasite uphiliswe ngokupheleleyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala usela amayeza logama nje ugqirha wakho ekuxelela, nokuba uzive ungcono. Kulapho ke kuphela apho unokuqiniseka ukuba zonke iintsholongwane ezisebenzayo zibulewe.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye kufunyaniswe ukuba une-toxoplasmosis, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Umntwana ozelwe ene-toxoplasmosis uya kufuna unyango malunga nonyaka. Unyango lwabantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka lunokufuneka luqhubeke ubomi babo bonke.

Ukuba ndine-toxoplasmosis, ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ufunyaniswe une-toxoplasmosis, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo ukuze ungadluliseli kumntwana wakho.

Ukuba amasosha omzimba wakho abuthathaka kwaye une-toxoplasmosis, sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze niyile isicwangciso sokunyanga i-toxoplasmosis ngelixa nilawula ezinye iimeko zakho zempilo.

Iyintoni ikamva le-toxoplasmosis? Ngaba esi sifo sinokunyangeka?

Oku kuyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba eziphilileyo abafane babe neengxaki ezinkulu ezivela kwi-toxoplasmosis.

Ngaphezulu kwama-70% abantwana abane-toxoplasmosis ekuzalweni kwabo bafikelela kwinqanaba elilindelekileyo lokukhula ukuba unyango luqalwe kwangethuba.

Kwizigulane ezinesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba, i-toxoplasmosis idla ngokubonakala engqondweni. Xa kunyangwa, kukho amathuba okusinda angama-70%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, i-toxoplasmosis yobuchopho iyabulala.

Ngaba i-toxoplasmosis inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

I-Toxoplasmosis isenokungaze inyangeke ngokupheleleyo kuba ii-cysts eziveliswa yi-parasite ye-T. gondii zihlala emzimbeni. Amayeza anokulawula usulelo olusebenzayo, kodwa awanakutshatyalalisa ii-cysts.

Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba iphilile, i-cyst ayifanele ivuseleleke. Kodwa ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibuthathaka, okanye ubune-toxoplasmosis ekuzalweni kwakho, i-parasite inokuphinda ivuseleleke kwixesha elizayo ize ikugulise.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-toxoplasmosis? (Ukuthintela)

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokuzenza ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile kukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokuhlamba izandla kakuhle. Ukwenza ezi zinto ngokuchanekileyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho.

• Yifake efrijini uze uyipheke kakuhle inyama ngaphambi kokuba uyitye.
• Zihlube iziqhamo nemifuno, okanye uzihlambe kakuhle phambi kokuba uzitye.
• Hlamba iibhodi zokusika, iikhawuntara, iimela, izixhobo zokutya, kunye nezitya kakuhle ngesepha emva kokuzisebenzisa.
• Musa ukusela ubisi olungafakwanga iintsholongwane.
• Musa ukutya ii-oyster, ii-mussels, okanye ii-shellfish eziluhlaza okanye ezingaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Musa ukusela amanzi anganyangwanga.
• Nxiba iiglavu xa usebenza egadini okanye ngomhlaba. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha emva koko.
• Gcina imingxuma yesanti ngaphandle (apho abantwana badlala khona) igqunyiwe.
• Musa ukondla iikati ngenyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Coca ibhokisi yenkunkuma yekati yakho yonke imihla. Nxiba iiglavu, uze uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha.
• Zama ukugcina ikati ingaphakathi.

Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, cinga ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuphephe ukucoca ibhokisi yenkunkuma yekati yakho ngokwakho. Cela omnye umntu ukuba akwenzele. Ukuba kuya kufuneka ukwenzele ngokwakho, nxiba iiglavu ezilahlwayo uze uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle emva koko.
• Kuphephe ukwamkela ikati entsha okanye ukuzisa ekhaya ikati elahlekileyo.

Ndingayazi njani ukuba ikati yam ine-toxoplasmosis?

Njengabantu, iikati azibonakalisi zimpawu xa zinesifo se-toxoplasmosis. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nekati yakho yesilwanyana sasekhaya, buza ugqirha wezilwanyana.

Ngaba kufuneka ndisuse ikati yam ukuba ndikhulelwe/ndinenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka?

Hayi, akufuneki ukuba ukhuphe ikati yakho kuba nje ukhulelwe okanye unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Abathandi beekati banokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko we-toxoplasmosis.

• Gcina ikati yakho ingaphakathi.
• Soloko ucela omnye umntu ukuba acoce ibhokisi yenkunkuma.
• Musa ukondla ikati yakho inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Ukuba kufuneka uzicocele ibhokisi yenkunkuma, nxiba iiglavu kunye nemaski, kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho ngoko nangoko emva koko.
• Okokugqibela, musa ukuza nekati elahlekileyo ekhaya okanye uthabathe ikati entsha ngelixa ukhulelwe okanye unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ukhulelwe, uceba ukukhulelwa, okanye unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuze uzikhusele wena nosana lwakho olungekazalwa kwi-toxoplasmosis.

Ukuba uneempawu ze-toxoplasmosis, ingakumbi ukuba unamandla omzimba abuthathaka, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Toxoplasmosis ayisosifo sibi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa nakubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Ngethamsanqa, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kolu sulelo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-toxoplasmosis ngokwemeko yakho. Kungcono ukuba ukhuselekile!

I- Toxoplasmosis, iikati, ukukhulelwa, usulelo, i-parasite, iimpawu, uthintelo