Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci unalo mhlaza ungaqhelekanga? Masithethe ngeRhabdoid Tumor!

Mama nootata, ngumthwalo omkhulu entliziyweni yakho kwaye yinto ongafuni nokuyicinga xa umntwana wakho omncinci efumanisa ukuba unomhlaza. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana banokufumana izifo esingazilindelanga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga nolusasazeka ngokukhawuleza oluchaphazela abantwana, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiRhabdoid Tumor . Usenokuziva ungaqhelekanga xa usiva eli gama, kodwa masilichaze ngokulula.

Yintoni iRhabdoid Tumor? Ngamafutshane...

I-Rhabdoid I-Tumor luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga nolukhula ngokukhawuleza . Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakwiintsana . Xa ijongwa nge-microscope, ezi seli zomhlaza zifana ne -rhabdomyoblasts , uhlobo lweseli eyenza izihlunu. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-"rhabdoid." Lo mhlaza ungakhula kwizintso zomntwana, kwizicubu ezithambileyo, okanye kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (ingqondo kunye nomqolo). Ngelishwa, lo mhlaza ungasasazeka ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukunyanga.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeRhabdoid Tumor?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zalo mhlaza kuxhomekeke ekubeni uvela phi. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

1. I-Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney (RTK)

Le yi-rhabdoid tumor yezintso kumntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha ifinyezwa ngokuthi ``(RTK)``.

2. Iithumba zeRhabdoid eziyingozi ezingaphandle kwentloko okanye ezingaphandle kwentso

Olu hlobo lomhlaza lunokukhula kwizicubu ezithambileyo zomntwana nakwezinye izitho zomzimba, ezifana nesibindi, imiphunga, kunye nolusu. Lukwabizwa ngokuba yi -malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) . Igama elithi "Malignant" lithetha umhlaza.

3. IiTumors zeRhabdoid zeTeratoid ezingaqhelekanga (ATRT)

Olu hlobo lomhlaza werhabdoid lukhula kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntwana, ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Kolu hlobo lomhlaza, iiseli zomhlaza zakha kuqala kwingqondo yomntwana okanye kumqolo. Malunga nama-50% ezi cancer (ATRT) zikhula kwi- cerebellum (elawula intshukumo kunye nokulinganisela) okanye kwi-brainstem ( elawula izinto ezifana nokuphefumla kunye nesantya sentliziyo).

Ngubani onokuthi abe neentlungu zeRhabdoid?

Ichaphazela kakhulu iintsana nabantwana abancinci kakhulu , ingakumbi abo baphakathi kweenyanga ezili-11 neli-18 ubudala . Abantu abadala abanakufane bafumane esi sifo.

Oku kunqabile kakhulu, ezinye izifundo zithi kwenzeka kubantu abangaphantsi komnye kwisigidi.Kuthiwa lo mhlaza uvela kancinci. Oko kuthetha ukuba yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu.

Kutheni ezi thumba ze-rhabdoid zikhula? Yintoni imbangela?

Ixesha elininzi, unobangela oyintloko womhlaza werhabdoid kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwijini ye-SMARCB1 . Khawuthelekelele ukuba kukho umkhuseli omncinci emzimbeni wethu olawula ukukhula kweeseli. Le jini ye-SMARCB1 yijini yokuthintela ithumba . Ivelisa iproteni elawula ukukhula kweeseli. Njenge-traffic cop, ithintela iiseli ukuba zingahlukani ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho isiphene, oko kukuthi, utshintsho, kule jini ye-SMARCB1, olo lawulo luyalahleka kwaye iiseli zahlukane ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela kumhlaza . Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi cancer zinokuvela ngenxa yotshintsho kwenye ijini yokuthintela ithumba ebizwa ngokuba yi-SMARCA4. Nangona abanye abantwana banokuzuza le jini iguquliweyo kubazali babo, ixesha elininzi ezi cancer zenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho olutsha lwezakhi zofuzo olwenzeka ngaphandle kwembali yosapho . Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba akukho mntu kusapho okhe waba notshintsho ngaphambili, iiseli zomntwana zinokuba nolu tshintsho ngengozi. Xa kunyangwa umntwana, uvavanyo lwezakhi zofuzo lunokwenziwa ukukhangela olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo.

Zithini iimpawu zeRhabdoid Tumor?

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntwana kunye nendawo akuyo umhlaza . Iimpawu zihlala ziqala kwindawo apho umhlaza ukhula khona. Ezi zinokubandakanya umonakalo wemithambo-luvo, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye iqhuma esiswini somntwana. Ngenxa yokuba lo mhlaza usasazeka ngokukhawuleza, iimpawu zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Igazi kumchamo ( iHematuria ) .
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza .
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo .
• Ukuhlala unomsindo, ungaphumli (Ukucaphuka).
• Ukutya akunancasa .
• Ukozela okungaqhelekanga.
• Kwiintsana, ubukhulu bentloko buba bukhulu.
• Ukungakwazi ukulinganisela okanye ubunzima bokuhamba.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Njani?Ifunyanwa njani le Rhabdoid Tumor?

Ugqirha ohlola umntwana wakho uya kuqala enze uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngeempawu zomntwana wakho. Emva koko uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ezi zinokuquka:

• I-ultrasound scan: Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi anamandla aphezulu ukwenza umfanekiso (sonogram) wamalungu angaphakathi omntwana.
• I-CT scan: Oku kusebenzisa i-X-reyi kunye nekhompyutha ukwenza umfanekiso onemilinganiselo emithathu (3D) wezicubu ezithambileyo kunye namathambo omntwana.
• I-MRI scan: Oku kusebenzisa imagnethi, amaza erediyo, kunye nekhompyutha ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zeendawo ezifana nengqondo yomntwana kunye nomqolo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurological: Olu vavanyo luvavanya ingqondo yomntwana, umqolo, kunye nokusebenza kwemithambo-luvo.
• Ukubhobozwa kweLumbar / Ukumpompa koMgogodla: Kule meko, kuthathwa isampuli yolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) kumqolo womntwana ize ihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi scan zinokubonisa iithumba ze-rhabdoid ezifana nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Ke ngoko, oogqirha badla ngokuthatha iisampulu zezicubu baze ba-odole iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo. Ezi mvavanyo ziquka:

• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi okanye izicubu zomntwana kwaye kuvavanywa utshintsho kwimfuza `SMARCB1` kunye `SMARCA4`.
• I-Biopsy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampuli encinci yethumba. Ingcali yezifo emva koko iyijonga phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Ukuba kufunyenwe iiseli zomhlaza, uninzi lwethumba olunokwenzeka lunokususwa ngexesha lotyando okanye kutyando oluzayo.
• I-Immunohistochemistry: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Lusebenzisa ii-antibodies ukukhangela iimpawu/ii-antigens ezithile kwisampulu yezicubu zomntwana wakho. Ezi zimpawu zinokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ngumhlaza we-rhabdoid okanye olunye uhlobo lomhlaza.

Inyangwa njani iRhabdoid Tumor?

Ingcali yomhlaza yabantwana ikhokela ekunyangeni umntwana. Isebenzisana neqela lezinye iingcali ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esifanela umntwana. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zingasetyenziswa kunye ukunyanga umhlaza we-rhabdoid. Ngenxa yokuba lo mhlaza usasazeka ngokukhawuleza, izifundo zibonise ukuba ukusebenzisa unyango oluninzi kunye kunokwenzeka ukuba kubulale iiseli zomhlaza kunokusebenzisa enye kuphela.

• Utyando: Ukuba i-biopsy ayiwususi umhlaza, inyathelo lokuqala, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kukwenza utyando lokususa umhlaza omninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, mhlawumbi wonke.
• I-Chemotherapy (i-Chemo): Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza okuthintela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. La mayeza abulala ezinye iiseli zomhlaza aze athintele ezinye ukuba zingahlukani. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza awakwazi ukubona umahluko phakathi kweeseli ezilungileyo kunye neeseli zomhlaza, ngoko ke anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• I-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu ngokufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu: I-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu inokubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezingaphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ikwabulala iiseli eziphilileyo, ezifana neeseli ezenza igazi kumongo wethambo. Ukujongana noku, omnye umongo wethambo lomntwana uyathathwa uze ugcinwe ngaphambi kokuba kunikwe i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu. Emva konyango, umongo wethambo ubuyiselwa kumntwana ukuze uthathe indawo yeeseli ezitshatyalalisiweyo.
• Unyango ngemitha: Oku kusebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukunciphisa okanye ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba unyango ngemitha lunokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo, idosi ilungiswa ngokweminyaka nobukhulu bomntwana.
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Ugqirha unokucebisa uvavanyo olutsha lwezonyango (iintlobo ezintsha ze-chemotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kulo, okanye amayeza e-immunotherapy) ukunyanga umhlaza womntwana wakho.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Unyango lomhlaza, ingakumbi i-chemotherapy, lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba amayeza asetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza nawo abulala iiseli eziphilileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyaphela emva kokuba unyango luyekisiwe . Ungasebenzisana neqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho ukulawula ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ukulahleka kweenwele `(Alopecia)` .
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukuqhinwa.
• Urhudo.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Izilonda emqaleni nasemlonyeni.
• Ukudumba `(Ukudumba)` .
• Ukungalali.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Iingxaki zememori.

Ngaba ii-Rhabdoid Tumors zingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, le mihlaza ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, ngoko ke akukho ndlela yokuyithintela . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba nomhlaza werhabdoid okanye eminye imidlaza, kwaye ulindele umntwana, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengcebiso zezakhi zofuzo . Iingcebiso zezakhi zofuzo zinokukunceda uqonde umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sezakhi zofuzo kumntwana wakho.

Ngaba i-Rhabdoid Tumor inganyangeka? Liza kuba njani ikamva lomntwana?

Ugqirha onyanga umntwana wakho angakunika impendulo echanekileyo kulo mbuzo. Nangona kunjalo,Ngelishwa, uninzi lwabantwana abane-malignant rhabdoid tumor abaphili ngaphezu kweminyaka embalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana ufunyaniswa ukuba unesifo emva kweminyaka emi-2 , i-prognosis inokuba ngcono kancinci. Izinga lokusinda kwesi sifo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ubudala bomntwana.
• Apho umhlaza usemzimbeni womntwana.
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Ubungakanani bomhlaza obususwe ngotyando.
• Indlela umntwana aza kusabela ngayo kunyango lomhlaza.

Ngenxa yokuba i-malignant rhabdoid carcinoma inqabile, izibalo zobomi zisekelwe kwinani elincinci kakhulu lezigulana. Ke ngoko, ubomi bokwenyani bomntwana bunokwahluka. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwi-rhabdoid carcinoma yezintso (RTK) liphakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-25% . Oku kuthetha ukuba phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-25% yabantu abafunyaniswe bene-RTK basaphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwi-atypical teratoid rhabdoid carcinoma (ATRT) liphakathi kwe-32% kunye ne-50%.

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uthwele umthwalo omkhulu kunye nosizi xa usiva into efana nale. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa.

Ndingayibuza ntoni ugqirha?

Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo emininzi xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unomhlaza. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo ekufuneka uyikhumbule ngelo xesha:

• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza umntwana wam analo?
• Ithini inqanaba lomhlaza womntwana wam?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo umntwana wam afanele azenze?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lomhlaza womntwana wam?
• Ngawaphi amathuba okuba olu nyango luphumelele?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo zonyango ezikhoyo ukuze umntwana wam athathe inxaxheba kuzo?
• Singazi njani ukuba unyango luphumelele?

Ukulandelela kwenziwa njani ngexesha nasemva konyango?

Kuyo yonke indlela yonyango lomhlaza lomntwana wakho, ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa isifo kuya kufuneka ziphindwe. Ezi mvavanyo zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuba unyango lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zezi mvavanyo, iqela lakho lezonyango liya kusebenzisana nawe ukugqiba ukuba zeziphi amanyathelo alandelayo ekufuneka uwathathe. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuqhubeka, ukutshintsha, okanye ukuyeka unyango. Emva kokuba umntwana wakho egqibile unyango lomhlaza, kuya kufuneka abuye ukuze ahlolwe rhoqo kwaye avavanywe . Ngexesha lezi mvavanyo, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ukuba imeko yomntwana wakho iphucukile na okanye ukuba isifo sibuyile na. Olu vavanyo lunokuthatha iminyaka eliqela emva konyango.

Okokugqibela, khumbula... (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Siyazi ukuba kuyabuhlungu ukuva iindaba zokuba umntwana wakho unomhlaza. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba awuwedwa.. Lonke iqela elinyanga umntwana wakho, kuquka oogqirha nabahlengikazi, lilapha ukukunceda wena nosapho lwakho ngeli xesha linzima. Kukho unyango lwezimila ze-rhabdoid, kwaye kukho ithemba ngomntwana wakho . Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho malunga nokujoyina iqela lenkxaso yomhlaza kubazali okanye kwiintsapho. Ungafumana intuthuzelo enkulu kunye nenkuthazo ngokwabelana ngebali lakho nokuva ngamava abanye abantu.