Uke wezwa 'ngoKufa Okumnyama' ezincwadini zomlando? Ungase umangale ukuzwa ukuthi lolu bhubhane olukhulu, olwalusabisa umhlaba wonke, lusaqhubeka nanamuhla. Kwezokwelapha zanamuhla, sibiza lesi sifo ngokuthi ubhubhane. Ungavumeli igama likwethuse; ngokungafani nesikhathi esidlule, uma sitholakala futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi, selapheka ngokuphelele. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke okudingeka ukwazi ngokucacile.
Iyini ngempela iNhlupho?
Kalula nje, lesi sifo siyisifo esithathelwanayo esithinta abantu nezilwane, esibangelwa yibhaktheriya iYersinia pestis . Sivame ukusabalala yizimpukane. Cabanga ngale ndlela: lapho impukane iluma isilwane esinesifo njengegundane noma i -squirrel, igciwane lingena kumpukane. Uma leyo mpukane ikuluma, igciwane lingena emzimbeni wakho, bese uthola lesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singasakazeka ngokuxhumana ngqo nezilwane ezinesifo noma abantu abagulayo.
Ngenhlanhla, sinolwazi olungcono kakhulu ngezifo ezithathelwanayo ezinjalo kunabokhokho bethu, okwenza lesi sifo singatholakali kalula namuhla. Zimbalwa kuphela izigameko ezibikwa emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, sisabhekwa njengesimo esibi kakhulu .
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko Zesifo Esiwumshayabhuqe?
Ubhubhane luhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile. Ithebula elingezansi lisiza ukukuchazela lokhu.
| Uhlobo Lwesifo | Ukudluliselwa kanye Nemvelo |
|---|---|
| Ubhubhane lwe-Bubonic | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, oluvame ukudluliselwa ngokulunywa yintwala ethelelekile. Phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-2-8, amabhaktheriya ayanda kuma-lymph node, okwenza avuvuke. La ma-lymph node abuhlungu navuvukele abizwa ngokuthi "ama-buboe." |
| Ubhubhane Lwe-Septicemia | Lokhu kungenzeka ngokulunywa yizimpukane noma ukuphatha isilwane esinalesi sifo. Uma singelashwa, isifo se-Bubonic singaqhubekela kulesi sigaba njengoba amabhaktheriya engena egazini. |
| Ubhubhane Lwe-Pneumonic | Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu noluyingozi kakhulu ngoba luwukuphela kohlobo olungasakazeka ngqo kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Ludluliselwa ngokuhogela amaconsi athelelanayo avela ekukhwehleleni noma ekuthumuleni komuntu. Luthuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu (phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-3). |
Ziyini Izimpawu?
Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-1 kuya kweziyi-8 ngemva kokuchayeka. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzwa izimpawu ezijwayelekile njengokukhathala okukhulu, umkhuhlane osheshayo, ukubanda kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu . Izimpawu ezithile ziyalandela kuye ngohlobo.
Izimpawu Zesifo Se-Bubonic
Uphawu oluphawulekayo ukubonakala "kwama-buboe" — ama-lymph node abuhlungu, avuvukile avame ukutholakala emakhwapheni, embotsheni, noma entanyeni. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, amagciwane angasakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Izimpawu Zesifo Sobhubhane Lwe-Septicemia
Lokhu kukhulu kakhulu kunesifo se-Bubonic njengoba amagciwane engena egazini ngqo. Izimpawu zifaka:
- Ukopha emlonyeni, ekhaleni, noma endukwini, kanye nokopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba .
- Ukufiphala kwezicubu, ikakhulukazi eminweni, ezinzwaneni, noma ekhaleni.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu , isifo sohudo , ukuhlanza , kanye nokushaqeka.
Izimpawu Zesifo Somphunga
Lolu uhlobo olungavamile nolubulalayo kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, luyabulala.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba.
- Ukukhwehlela, ngezinye izikhathi igazi.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu—ikakhulukazi uma uke waba sendaweni lapho kuvame khona amagundane —funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wendawo yakho . Uma kwenzeka ubhubhane, ihora ngalinye libalulekile.
Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa
Uma unezimpawu futhi uke waba sendaweni lapho kwaziwa khona ukuthi ubhubhane lukhona noma lapho kungenzeka ukuthi uhlaselwe khona, udokotela wakho uzocabangela lokhu kuxilongwa. Ukuze aqinisekise, bazoyala ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kumasampula egazi noma uketshezi oluthathwe ku-lymph node evuvukele ukuze kuhlolwe i-Yersinia pestis .
Isikhathi sibalulekile ekwelashweni.
Uma unezimpawu, udokotela wakho uzokulalisa esibhedlela bese eqala ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ngokushesha. Imithi evamile ihlanganisa:
- I-Ciprofloxacin
- I-Doxycycline
- I-Gentamicin
- I-Levofloxacin
Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi ngama-antibiotic, abantu abaningi bayalulama phakathi nesonto noma amabili. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ngaphandle kokwelashwa, lesi sifo siyabulala abantu abaningi. Uma usola izimpawu, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha.
Indlela Yokuzivikela
Akukho muthi wokugomela ubhubhane otholakala kabanzi, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela kubalulekile. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezilula zokuhlala uphephile:
- Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile: Vala noma yiziphi izimbobo noma imifantu engavumela amagundane ukuthi angene ekhaya lakho.
- Hlanza indawo okuzungezile: Gcina igceke lakho licocekile ngokususa izinqwaba zezihlahla, izinkuni, noma amatshe lapho izilwane zingase zicashe khona.
- Sebenzisa isixoshi sezinambuzane: Uma uhamba ngezinyawo noma uvakashela izindawo zasemaphandleni, sebenzisa isixoshi sezinambuzane esine-DEET esikhumbeni sakho ukuze uvikele ezimpukaneni.
- Gwema izilwane zasendle: Ungazithinti izilwane zasendle eziphilayo noma ezifile. Uma kufanele uziphathe, gqoka amagilavu njalo.
- Nakekela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo: Qinisekisa ukuthi izinja zakho namakati akho athola ukwelashwa okufanele kokuvimbela izintwala.
- Ungavumeli izilwane ezifuywayo ezizulazula ngaphandle zilale embhedeni wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Lesi sifo siyisifo esiyingozi esibangelwa amagciwane esingelapheka ngokwelashwa okusheshayo .
- Isakazwa kakhulu ukulunywa yizimpukane ezihlala ezilwaneni ezinegciwane njengezimpuku.
- Izimpawu zivame ukufaka umkhuhlane ongazelelwe, ukubanda, kanye nama-lymph node abuhlungu, avuvukile (ama-buboe).
- Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuvakashela izindawo lapho kuvame khona amagundane, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha .
- Ukugcina indawo ehlanzekile, ukugwema ukuthintana nezilwane zasendle, nokunakekela izilwane zakho ezifuywayo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka.
Ubhubhane, Ukufa Okumnyama, Isifo Esithelelanayo, I-Yersinia pestis, Ubhubhane Lwe-Bubonic
