Ingabe kufanele sixoxe nge-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

Cabanga ukuthi uke wehlelwa yisenzakalo esibuhlungu ongakaze usibone ngaphambili. Kungaba ingozi enkulu yemoto, inhlekelele yemvelo, noma ukufa okuzumayo komuntu omthandayo. Ngemva kwesenzakalo, ungase uzizwe ukhungathekile, ukhathazekile, futhi ukhungathekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ukhumbule lesi senzakalo ngokuphindaphindiwe, njengokungathi siphinde senzeke ngempela. Yilokhu esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Lokhu kuyinto engathinta abantu abaningi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela.

Iyini i-PTSD elula?

Kalula nje, i-PTSD yisimo sempilo yengqondo abanye abantu abasithola ngemva kokubhekana nesenzakalo esinzima nesibuhlungu. Lesi sigameko kungenzeka ukuthi besisongela impilo, noma kungenzeka ukuthi sibe nomthelela omkhulu enhlalakahleni yakho engokomzimba nengokwengqondo. I-PTSD ingathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala, kusukela ezinganeni ezincane kuya kubantu abadala.

Umuntu one-PTSD ubhekana nemicabango nemizwa ejulile necindezelayo ehlobene nesigameko esibuhlungu. Lokhu kungaqhubeka isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba lesi sigameko senzeke. I-PTSD ingabangela izimpawu ezihlobene nokucindezeleka ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathazekile njalo ( ukukhathazeka ), udabukile ( ukucindezeleka ), noma unecala noma unamahloni .
• Ukuzizwa sengathi lesi sigameko siphinde senzeke ngempela (ukubuyela emuva) noma ukuba namaphupho amabi ngaso.
• Ukugwema izindawo, izinto, kanye nemisebenzi ehlobene naleso senzakalo.

Lezi zimpawu zingabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu futhi zingaphazamisa ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke .

Iyini isenzakalo esibuhlungu?

Ukuhlukumezeka , noma isenzakalo esiyingozi, yinoma yini esongela kakhulu ukusinda noma ukuphepha kwakho. Akudingeki kube yisenzakalo esisodwa (njengengozi yemoto eyenzeka kanye kuphela). Kungaba futhi ukuhlukumezeka kwesikhathi eside . Cabanga ngezinto ezifana nokuphila esikhathini sempi noma ukubhekana nodlame lwasekhaya.

Futhi, lokhu kushaqeka akudingeki kwenzeke kuwe ngqo. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzibonele isenzakalo esesabekayo ngamehlo akho. Noma, ungase ube ne-PTSD ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi kukhona okubi okwenzeke kumuntu oseduze nawe.

Nazi ezinye zezibonelo zezehlakalo eziyingozi:

• Izingozi ezinkulu (isb., ingozi enkulu yemoto).
• Ukulimala okukhulu ngokomzimba noma ukugula okungazelelwe okukhulu.
• Impikanye nezingxabano zempi (abantu ezweni lethu nabo banolwazi ngalokhu).
• Izinhlekelele zemvelo (isib. ama-tsunami, ukuzamazama komhlaba, izikhukhula , imililo yasendle).
• Ukuxhashazwa ngokomzimba.
• Ukuhlukumeza ngamazwi (ukuthethisa njalo, izinsongo).
• Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi noma ukuhlukunyezwa.
• Ukuxhashazwa esikoleni noma emsebenzini.
• Ukufa okuzumayo komuntu omthandayo.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-PTSD?

Yebo, kunezinye izimo ezimbili ezifana kakhulu ne-PTSD.

• Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okukhulu: Lesi isifo sengqondo sesikhashana esingase senzeke phakathi nenyanga yokuqala ngemva kwesigameko esibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amane, kungaba yi-PTSD.
• I-PTSD Eyinkimbinkimbi (i-CPTSD): Lesi simo senzeka uma ubhekene nokulimala isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ngokocansi okuphindaphindiwe useyingane, ubudlova basekhaya obuhlala isikhathi eside, noma impi. Abantu abane-CPTSD bavame ukuba nezinkinga ezinkulu zokulawula imizwa , ukucabanga ngabo, kanye nokuxhumana nabanye, ngaphezu kwezimpawu ze-PTSD.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

I-PTSD iyisimo esivame kakhulu. Phakathi kuka-5% no-10% wabantu ababhekana nesenzakalo esibuhlungu baba ne-PTSD. Lokho kusho ukuthi akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa kuthinta inani elikhulu labantu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-PTSD?

Ukuze udokotela axilonge i-PTSD, izimpawu kumele zihlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Futhi, izimpawu kumele zikubangele ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma ziphazamise ukusebenza kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Izimpawu ze-PTSD zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

1. Imicabango kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okungenela (Izimpawu Zokungena)

Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sigameko esibi sihlala sibuya engqondweni yakho ngokuphindaphindiwe.

• Ukukhumbula njalo, okungalawulekiyo ngalesi sigameko. Kufana nokubuka izenzakalo zaleso sikhathi ngokuphindaphindiwe njengefilimu.
• Ukuba namaphupho asabekayo, ikakhulukazi amaphupho ahlobene nomcimbi.
• Ukubuyela emuva kwezehlakalo kwenzeka lapho uzizwa sengathi lesi sigameko siyaphinda senzeke ngempela. Lokhu kucace kakhulu, ungazizwa sengathi ukhona ngaleso sikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi ungaze usihogele, noma usizwe.

2. Izimpawu Zokugwema

Lokhu kuhilela ukuzama ukuhlala kude ngangokunokwenzeka nakho konke okukukhumbuza leso senzakalo esibi.

• Ukugwema abantu, izindawo, imisebenzi, izinto, kanye nezimo ezihlobene nesigameko. Isibonelo, ungase ugweme ukuhamba emgwaqweni lapho kwenzeke khona ingozi.
• Ngiyakugwema ukucabanga ngaleso sigameko nokusikhumbula.
• Uyakugwema ukukhuluma nabanye ngokwenzekile noma indlela ozizwa ngayo ngakho.

3. Izinguquko Ekucabangeni Nasesimweni Sengqondo

Lokhu kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni obheka ngayo umhlaba, indlela ocabanga ngayo ngawe, kanye nendlela ozizwa ngayo.

• Ukwesaba okuqhubekayo, ukwethuka, intukuthelo, umuzwa wecala , noma ihlazo.
• Izingxenye ezibalulekile zaleso senzakalo esibi ziyalibaleka.
• Imicabango nemizwa ephikelelayo nephambene ngawe noma ngabanye. Ungase ucabange izinto ezinjengokuthi, "Nginephutha," "Akekho ongathenjwa."
• Ukwahlulela kabi imbangela noma imiphumela yesigameko bese uzisola wena noma abanye.
• Ukuzizwa uhlukanisiwe futhi unesizungu kwabanye.
• Izinto ezaziletha injabulo azisenalo nhlobo injabulo.
• Ukungakwazi ukuzwa imizwa emihle. Kubonakala sengathi awukwazi ukuzwa izinto ezifana nenjabulo nothando.

4. Izinguquko Ekuvukeni Nokusabela Kabusha

Kulokhu, umzimba wakho uhlala "uqaphile," usabela ngisho nasezintweni ezincane kakhulu.

• Ukucasuka kanye nentukuthelo esheshayo.
• Ukwenza ngokunganaki nangendlela ezilimazayo (isib. ukushayela ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuphuza utshwala obuningi).
• Ukuqaphela ngokweqile okukuzungezile (Ukuqapha ngokweqile). Ukwesaba njalo ingozi.
• Umsindo omncane kakhulu ukwenza ugxume.
• Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo noma ukungakwazi ukulala.

Kwenzekani lapho izingane ezincane ziba ne-PTSD?

Lapho izingane ezincane ziba ne-PTSD, zingase zibe nobunzima bokuchaza kahle ukuthi zizizwa kanjani. Noma kungenzeka ukuthi ziye zabhekana nobuhlungu ongazi lutho ngabo. Zingase zingahlaliseki, zingahlaliseki, noma zibe nobunzima bokunaka noma ukwenza izinto ngendlela ehlelekile.

Lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingadidaniswa nezesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Ngakho-ke, uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona uchwepheshe (isib., udokotela wezifo zengqondo wengane) onolwazi lokuxilonga i-PTSD.

Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingabangelwa yi-PTSD?

Abantu abane-PTSD banamathuba amaningi okubhekana nalezi zimo, futhi zingenza izimpawu ze-PTSD zibe zimbi kakhulu:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo - isib. ukucindezeleka.
• Izinkinga zokukhathazeka.
• Ngisho nezimo ezifana nezifo ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa, njenge-dementia.
• Inkinga yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa / Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, abantu abane-PTSD basengozini enkulu yokucabanga nokuzama ukuzibulala.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ezizwa edangele, sicela ungabi wedwa. Khuluma nomuntu omethembayo ngokushesha, bona udokotela, noma ushayele ucingo oluphuthumayo lwezempilo yengqondo njengo-1926 (Sumatiri) eSri Lanka. Ungesabi ukucela usizo, awuwedwa.

Yini ebangela i-PTSD?

Eqinisweni, phakathi kuka-61% no-80% wabantu bazobhekana nesenzakalo esibuhlungu ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abazoba ne-PTSD. Kuleli qembu, phakathi kuka-5% no-10% bazoba ne-PTSD.

Akucaci kahle ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba ne-PTSD kanti abanye bengabi nayo, ngisho nangemva kokubhekana nesigameko esifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abane-PTSD banamazinga angajwayelekile ama-neurotransmitter nama-hormone athile . Bangase babe nezinguquko endleleni ubuchopho babo obusebenza ngayo .

Izinguquko kuma-Neurotransmitters nama-Hormones

Izifundo zibonise ukuthi abantu abane-PTSD, naphezu kokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, bangase babe namazinga ajwayelekile noma aphansi e-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi `(Cortisol)` (eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-stress hormone"). Baphinde babe namazinga aphezulu e-`(Corticotropin-Releasing Factor - CRF). Lokhu `(CRF)` kukhuthaza ukukhishwa kwekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi `(Norepinephrine). Lokhu `(Norepinephrine)` kukhuthaza impendulo yomzimba wethu `(ukulwa noma ukubaleka)`. Yilokhu okubangela lezi zinto ukuthi zenzeke:

• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ukuqapha okukhulu kanye nokucasuka okusheshayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwabonakala izinguquko emsebenzini wezinye izinhlelo ze-neurotransmitter, isibonelo:

• I-Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
• I-Glutamate
• I-Serotonin

Konke lokhu kufana nezithunywa ezincane ebuchosheni bethu, futhi izinkinga ezinjengalezi ziyavela lapho umsebenzi wazo ungenziwa kahle.

Izinguquko zobuchopho

I-PTSD ihlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezithile emsebenzini nasesimweni sobuchopho bakho:

• Ubukhulu bengxenye yobuchopho bakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-"Hippocampus" buyancipha. Le "Hippocampus" iyingxenye ebalulekile elawula isisusa sethu, imizwa, ukufunda kanye nenkumbulo.
• I-amygdala (elawula imizwa yethu kanye nezimpendulo zokwesaba) iyasebenza ngokweqile kubantu abane-PTSD. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bayasaba kakhulu futhi bakhathazeke ngisho nangezinto ezincane kakhulu.
• Ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-Medial Prefrontal Cortex (esiza ukulawula imizwa ku-Amygdala) nayo itholakale incane futhi ingasabeli kahle kubantu abane-PTSD.

Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, iqiniso elilula ukuthi i-PTSD akuyona nje into esengqondweni, ihlobene nezinguquko zamakhemikhali nezakhiwo ebuchosheni bethu.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-PTSD?

Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ubani ozoba ne-PTSD ngemuva kwesigameko esibuhlungu, kodwa abantu abalandelayo banamathuba amancane okuthola i-PTSD:

• Ikakhulukazi labo abaye babhekana nokulimala okukhulu (isib., ukubhekana nokulwa okunzima ngesikhathi senkonzo yezempi, ukuhlaselwa ngokocansi).
• Labo ababhekene nobunzima ebuntwaneni.
• Labo abalimele emzimbeni kuleso sigameko.
• Labo ababhekane nokwesaba okukhulu, ukungabi namandla, noma ukwesaba ngesikhathi sesigameko.
• Labo abangazange bathole ukwesekwa okwanele emphakathini, emndenini nakubangani ngemva kwesigameko esibuhlungu.
• Labo abaye babhekana nobuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside noma obuphindaphindwayo .
• Labo asebevele benezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo kanye/noma ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa .

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-PTSD?

Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuthola i-PTSD. Kunalokho, udokotela uzokuthola lesi simo ngemva kokukubuza ngalokhu:

• Izimpawu zakho.
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha.
• Umlando wakho wezempilo yengqondo.
• Mayelana nezehlakalo ezibuhlungu obhekane nazo.

Ungase ukuthole kunzima ukukhuluma ngalesi sigameko. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungase ufune ukuletha umuntu omethembayo (ilungu lomndeni, umngane) kudokotela. Lokhu kuzokunikeza induduzo futhi kungakusiza ukuchaza izimpawu zakho kanye nezinguquko ekuziphatheni kwakho.

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola eziku-American Psychological Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Inguqulo yakamuva kakhulu yi-DSM-5-TR. Ukuze utholakale une-PTSD, kufanele okungenani ube nesinye sezimpawu ezilandelayo okungenani inyanga eyodwa :

• Okungenani umcabango owodwa noma okuhlangenwe nakho okukodwa okungenela (uphawu lokungena).
• Okungenani uphawu olulodwa lokugwema.
• Okungenani izinguquko ezimbili ekucabangeni nasemizweni.
• Okungenani izinguquko ezimbili eziphazamisayo emzimbeni nasengqondweni.

Udokotela wakho angase ahlole umzimba futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini esinye isizathu esibonakalayo sezinye zezimpawu zakho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-PTSD?

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-PTSD ukwelashwa kwengqondo noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma. Ikakhulukazi, uhlobo lokwelapha olubizwa ngokuthi i-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) lusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo oqeqeshiwe nonelayisensi.Lowo kungaba udokotela wezifo zengqondo noma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo. Banikeza ukwesekwa, imfundo, kanye nesiqondiso kuwe nomndeni wakho, ukuze bakusize uphile kahle futhi uthuthukise inhlalakahle yakho yengqondo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokwelapha i-CBT ze-PTSD:

• Ukwelashwa Kokucubungula Ubuchopho: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eyenzelwe ngqo i-PTSD. Igxile ekushintsheni imizwa emibi ebuhlungu ( njengehlazo nomuzwa wecala) kanye nezinkolelo ezibangelwa ukushaqeka. Iphinde ikusize ubhekane nezinkumbulo nemizwa ecindezelayo.
• Ukwelashwa Kokususa Ukunyakaza Kwamehlo Nokucutshungulwa Kabusha (EMDR): Kule ndlela, uhambisa amehlo akho ngendlela ethile ngenkathi ucubungula izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu. Umgomo we-EMDR ukukusiza ukuthi ululame ekuhluphekeni noma kwezinye izinto ezicindezelayo zokuphila. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-EMDR iyindlela entsha kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo eziningana zemitholampilo zikhombisile ukuthi iyasebenza futhi ingasiza abantu ukuba balulame ngokushesha kunezinye izindlela.
• Ukwelashwa Kwamaqembu: Lokhu kuhilela abantu abaye badlula ezimweni ezifanayo ezibuhlungu behlangana ukuze babelane ngolwazi lwabo kanye nemizwa yabo endaweni ekhululekile, engenakwahlulela. Njengoba izinselele ze-PTSD zingathinta wonke umndeni, ukwelashwa komndeni nakho kungaba usizo.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuchayeka Okude: Kulokhu kwelashwa, ubhekene nezithombe eziphindaphindwayo nezinemininingwane zokushaqeka noma izinto ezibangela izimpawu zakho ngendlela ephephile nelawulwayo. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ubhekane nokwesaba kwakho, ukulawule, futhi ufunde ukuphila nakho.
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo okugxile ekuhlukumezekeni (i-CBT): Lokhu kwelashwa kukusiza ukuthi ufunde ukuthi umzimba wakho usabela kanjani ekuhlukumezekeni nasekucindezelekeni. Kukusiza futhi ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe amaphethini okucabanga ayinkinga futhi ufunde amakhono okuphatha izimpawu zakho. Kuhlanganisa nokwelashwa ngokuchayeka.

Imithi ye-PTSD

Okwamanje, ayikho imithi evunyelwe ngqo yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ye-PTSD. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bangase banikeze imithi ethile ukusiza ekuphatheni ezinye zezimpawu ze-PTSD. Isibonelo:

• Ama-antidepressants - njenge-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) noma i-Serotonin kanye ne-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs).
• Imithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa yini le mithi noma cha, nokuthi uzoyisebenzisa kanjani. Ungalokothi usebenzise le mithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.

Ingabe i-PTSD ingelapheka? Liyini ikusasa?

Ukubikezela kwe-PTSD kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kungakusiza ukuthi ululame. Ngokwelashwa, cishe abantu abangu-30% balulama ngokuphelele. Abanye abangu -40% baba ngcono kakhulu ngokwelashwa, kodwa ezinye izimpawu ezincane zingase zihlale zikhona. Kwabanye abantu, ngokusekelwa ngabathandekayo babo, izimpawu ze-PTSD ziyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa kochwepheshe.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukucela usizo nokufuna ukwelashwa. Khona-ke amathuba okululama aphezulu kakhulu.

Ingabe i-PTSD ingavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, asikwazi ukuvimbela njalo isenzakalo esibuhlungu ukuthi singenzeki. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi kunezinyathelo ezithile ongazithatha ngemva kwesenzakalo ukusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PTSD. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi "izici zokuzivikela." Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukufuna ukwesekwa kwabanye (njengabangani nomndeni) ngemva kwesigameko. Lokhu kudala umuzwa wokulondeka.
• Ukujoyina iqembu lokusekelana ngemva kwesehlakalo esibuhlungu kuyindlela enhle yokukhuluma nabantu abaye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufana nokwakho.
• Ukufunda ukucabanga ngendlela eyakhayo ngendlela owenze ngayo uma kwenzeka ingozi.
• Ukuzijwayeza amasu okubhekana nesimo esinempilo ngemva kwesenzakalo esibuhlungu (isib., ukuzivocavoca, ukwenza izinto ezizolisa ingqondo, esikhundleni sokuzama ukukhohlwa izinkinga ngotshwala).
• Ukukwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo nokusabela ngempumelelo, noma ngabe uzizwa wesaba.
• Ukusiza abanye, ikakhulukazi uma kuyisenzakalo esibuhlungu esithinta abantu abaningana, njengenhlekelele yemvelo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho kanye/noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo njalo ngemva kwesigameko esibuhlungu. Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungabi namahloni noma wesabe. Lokhu akulona iphutha lakho.

Kufanele uye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo?

Uma ucabanga ukuzibulala noma ukuzilimaza , lesi yisimo esibucayi kakhulu. Esimweni esinjalo, sicela uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha, noma ushayele ucingo losizo lwezempilo yengqondo oluphuthumayo njengo-1926 (Sumatiri).

Ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe ngemva kwesigameko esibuhlungu kungaba yinto enzima ukuyenza. Kodwa khumbula, i-PTSD iyisimo esingelapheka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokwelashwa, uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinketho zokwelapha. Khumbula, bahlala bekulungele ukukusiza nokukusekela.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kuvamile ukuzwa ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo ngemva kwesenzakalo esibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, uma lokho kucindezeleka kuqhubeka futhi kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke, kungaba yi-PTSD.

• Awuwedwa: I-PTSD iyisimo esithinta abantu abaningi.
• Akulona iphutha lakho lokhu: akekho othola i-PTSD ngokuzithandela.
• Kukhona usizo: Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingakusiza ukuthi ululame.
• Ungesabi ukukhuluma: khuluma ngemizwa yakho nomuntu omethembayo, njengodokotela.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nalokhu, sicela ufune usizo. Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba.

I- PTSD, Isifo Sokucindezeleka Ngemva Kokuhlukumezeka, ukucindezeleka, ukuhlukumezeka, impilo yengqondo, ukucindezeleka, ukwelashwa