Abanye abantwana bangabantu ababi kakhulu, abakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa. Kukhona abanye, babheka ngefasitela lekilasi bese belahleka ezweni lamaphupho. Njengomzali, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wazizwa ngendlela efanayo ngengane yakho. "Kungani ingane yami ingumuntu obi kangaka?", "Kungani ingakwazi ukugxila ezifundweni zayo?" Ungase ukhathazeke. Ingabe isizathu salokhu konke ukubi nje? Mhlawumbe kukhona isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ADHD ngemuva kwalokhu. Kodwa uma kukhulunywa nge-ADHD, akubona bonke abantu abafanayo. Indlela lesi simo esithinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye ihlukile. Yingakho ukwelashwa kungafani kuwo wonke umuntu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-ADHD.
Iyini ngempela i-ADHD?
Kalula nje, i-ADHD igama elifushane lesimo sezokwelapha elithi "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Akusikho ukuba yizigebengu, ubuvila, noma inkani. Kuyisimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa . Ngokuqondile, umuntu onalesi simo unomsebenzi ohlukile kancane ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezilawula ukunaka, ukulawula imizwa, kanye nokuziphatha. Yingakho enenkinga yokunaka, ukulawula imizwa, nokuhlala ezolile. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu akulona iphutha lengane noma lomzali.
I-American Psychiatric Association ihlukanise i-ADHD ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Manje ake sixoxe ngohlobo ngalunye ngokwehlukana.
Uhlobo 1: Uhlobo Lokunganaki
Lolu hlobo luvame ukuba nzima kunoma ubani ukulubona. Ngoba laba bantwana bancane amathuba okuziphatha kabi njengabanye, bagijime futhi babangele izinkinga. Kunalokho, bavame ukuba sezweni labo. Babonakala belahlekile ezweni labo . Babheka ngefasitela ekilasini, futhi noma beqala ukwenza okuthile ekhaya, bayakubeka eceleni bacabange ngenye into.
Ukuze usole lesi simo, okungenani izimpawu eziyisithupha kweziyisishiyagalolunye ezingezansi kumele zibe khona isikhathi eside. Izimpawu zokucindezeleka okukhulu kumele zibe khona ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu.
| Isibonakaliso | Kalula nje... (isibonelo) |
|---|---|
| Ukunganaki imininingwane emincane. | Emsebenzini wesikole, bavame ukwenza amaphutha anganaki lapho benza izibalo. |
| Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile. | Ngisho noma ufunda noma udlala, awukwazi ukugcina ingqondo yakho isendaweni eyodwa, ingqondo yakho iyazulazula ngokushesha. |
| Kubonakala sengathi awulaleli uma kukhulunywa nawe. | Ngisho noma ukhuluma, usezweni elihlukile. Uhlala ephinda lokho okushilo. |
| Ubunzima bokulandela imiyalelo noma ukuqeda imisebenzi. | Uma usuqalile umsebenzi, awuwuqedi. Uma uthi, "Susa igumbi," uyama phakathi nendawo. |
| Ukugwema umsebenzi odinga umzamo wengqondo. | Angiyithandi ngempela imisebenzi edinga umzamo wengqondo, njengokwenza umsebenzi wesikole kanye nokufunda. |
| Ukulahlekelwa yizinto ezibalulekile. | Ngivame ukulahlekelwa izinto ezifana namapeni, amapensela, izincwadi ze-CR, namabhodlela amanzi esikoleni. |
| Ukuphazamiseka kalula yizinto zangaphandle. | Ngesikhathi ngifunda, ngiyaqhubeka ngiyibuka ngisho noma ngizwa umsindo omncane noma othile edlula. |
| Ukukhohlwa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. | Kumelwe uzikhumbuze nokuthi uxubhe amazinyo akho futhi ushintshe izingubo zakho. |
Uhlobo Lwesibili: Uhlobo Lokusebenza Okungalawuleki Kakhulu
Lesi yisithombe esifika engqondweni yabantu abaningi lapho bezwa igama elithi ADHD. Laba bantwana bakuthola kunzima ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa. Bahlala begijima, begxuma, futhi bememeza. Banenkinga futhi yokulawula imizwa yabo, besho futhi benze noma yini efika engqondweni yabo. Benza ngaphambi kokuba bacabange.
Ukuze usole lesi simo, okungenani izimpawu eziyisithupha kweziyisishiyagalolunye ezingezansi kumele zibe khona.Kufanele kube khona. Futhi kufanele kube nezimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu ezihlobene nokuntuleka kokunaka .
| Isibonakaliso | Kalula nje... (isibonelo) |
|---|---|
| Hhayi nje ukuzulazula ngezandla zakho nezinyawo ngisho noma uhleli esihlalweni. | Ngisho nalapho ehleli esihlalweni, uyanyakaza, aphakamise imilenze yakhe, futhi ashaye itafula ngezandla zakhe. |
| Ukuma ngesikhathi okufanele uhlale ngaso. | Ekilasini, etafuleni lesidlo sakusihlwa, nangesikhathi sezifundo zokufunda, ngivuka njalo esihlalweni sami ngihambe. |
| Ukugijima noma ukukhwela izintaba ngezikhathi ezingafanele. | Ukukhwela kusofa ekhaya, ugijima phakathi kwamashalofu esitolo esikhulu. |
| Ubunzima bokudlala buthule. | Ngisho noma imisebenzi kufanele yenziwe buthule, benza umsindo omkhulu futhi bamemeza. |
| Uhlala ebonisa isimo sengqondo "sokuhamba". | Kufana "nenjini enamandla amaningi" - isebenza njalo, ayihlali endaweni eyodwa. |
| Ukukhuluma ngokweqile. | Bakhuluma njalo futhi abakwazi ukulawula inkulumo yabo. |
| Ukuphendula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba uqedwe. | Angikwazi ukubekezela uma othile ekhuluma, ngiyagxuma ngikhulume. |
| Ukuthola ubunzima bokulinda ithuba lomuntu. | Kunzima kakhulu ukuma emgqeni bese ulinda ithuba lakho emdlalweni. |
| Ukuphazamisa abanye. | Ukuphazamisa njalo izingxoxo nemidlalo yabanye abantu. |
Uhlobo Lwesithathu: Uhlobo Oluhlanganisiwe
Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Iningi labantu abane-ADHD banalolu hlobo . Banezimpawu zokunganaki, kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile kanye nokungacabangi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa futhi abanaki umsebenzi. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yabo yansuku zonke, emsebenzini wesikole, kanye nobudlelwano bezenhlalo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungacabangi ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD ngoba nje ubona lezi zimpawu. Kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele.
Kungani ukuxilongwa okufanele kubalulekile?
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, ungesabi. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela wezingane noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo wezingane nentsha ngalokhu.
Udokotela uzohlola lezi zinto ngokucophelela:
- Uzobuzwa ngokuziphatha kwengane yakho.
- Imibiko izotholakala kothisha besikole.
- Babheka ukuthi lezi zimpawu sezinesikhathi esingakanani zikhona nokuthi yiziphi izindawo (ekhaya, esikoleni) ezibonakala kakhulu kuzo.
- Baphinde bahlole ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izinto ezithinta ukukhula kwengane.
Uma sekutholakale ukuxilongwa okufanele, ingane inganikezwa ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kanye nokusekelwa. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, ukuqeqeshwa kobuzali, izindawo ezikhethekile esikoleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nemithi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD akuyona iphutha lengane noma iphutha. Yisimo sangempela sezokwelapha esihlobene nobuchopho.
- Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD: Ukunganaki, Ukusebenza Okukhulu-Ukushukuma, kanye Nokuhlanganiswa.
- Akuzona zonke iziguli ezine-ADHD ezifanayo. Indlela izimpawu ezithinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye ihlukile.
- Uma unenkinga ethile ngengane yakho, ungaqageli futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nesiqondiso esifanele kubaluleke kakhulu ekusaseni lengane yakho.
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