Kule mihla, siva ibinzana elithi "i-viral flu" kuyo yonke indawo. Xa siziva sigula kancinci, sikhwehlela, kwaye siphuma impumlo, sonke sicinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uba mkhulu ngakumbi, 'umkhuhlane' onokusenza sibe buthathaka kangangokuba singakwazi nokuvuka ebhedini, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-'(
Influenza )' ngokwezonyango. Ngoko ke, namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni le flu kwaye yahluke njani kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zomkhuhlane?
Umkhuhlane ubangelwa yintsholongwane echaphazela indlela yethu yokuphefumla. Xa kuthelekiswa nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, iimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlala zinzima. Khawuthelekelele, ngequbuliso
uziva ugula kangangokuba awukwazi nokuvuka ebhedini. Ufumana
nomkhuhlane ophezulu . Kumntu omdala, unokuba malunga ne-100-103 degrees Fahrenheit, kwaye kumntwana omncinci, unokuba phezulu nangakumbi. Kunye noku, ufumana oku kulandelayo:
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukudinwa okugqithisileyo. Nangona siziva sidiniwe kancinci ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, xa sifumana umkhuhlane , siziva sibuthathaka kangangokuba asikwazi nokuvuka ebhedini kangangeentsuku. Lo ngumahluko omkhulu.
Abanye abantu, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, banokuba nesicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye norhudo kunye nezi mpawu. Kodwa into esiyibiza ngokuba yi "stomach
flu " ayisiyo flu ngokwenene. Lusulelo lwesisu olubangelwa yintsholongwane eyahlukileyo. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngokupheleleyo kwiveki okanye ezimbini. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, lunokuba yingozi kwaye lude lubeke ubomi esichengeni, lubangele iingxaki ezifana ne
-pneumonia .
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona wonke umntu enokuba neengxaki, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
Ukuba ungolu didi kwaye uneempawu zomkhuhlane eziqatha, kubaluleke kakhulu
ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Masifunde ngezi ntlobo zeentsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane.
Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane zahlulwe kaninzi zibe ziintlobo ezintathu. Ziyi-A, B, kunye no-C. Kwezi, ezimbini ezisichaphazela kakhulu ziintlobo u-A kunye no-B. Ukuze ndiqonde ngokulula, ndiza kuyichaza kwitheyibhile efana nale.
| Uhlobo lwentsholongwane | Inkcazo |
|---|
| Umkhuhlane A kunye no-B | Ezi ntlobo zimbini zibangela ubhubhane womkhuhlane obakho minyaka le ngexesha lasebusika. Zinegalelo ekwandeni kokulaliswa esibhedlele kwanasekufeni. Kwilizwe lethu, zisasazeka ngakumbi ngexesha lemvula. |
| Umkhuhlane C | Olu hlobo lubangela ukugula okuncinci kakhulu, okanye ngamanye amaxesha kungabikho zimpawu kwaphela. Alubangeli ubhubhane. Ke ngoko, uninzi lwengqwalasela yecandelo lezempilo igxile ekulawuleni iintlobo A kunye no-B. |
Kutheni sifumana umkhuhlane phantse yonke imihla?
Usenokuba ucinga, "Ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane kube kanye, awusayi kuphinda uwufumane, ngoko ke awusayi kuphinda uwufumane?" Ingxaki kukuba le ntsholongwane yomkhuhlane inobuqhetseba kakhulu.
Itshintsha inkangeleko yayo ngalo lonke ixesha. Cinga ngale ntsholongwane njengesela elikwaziyo ukuzifihla. Emva kokuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iwubonile lo mkhuhlane, isela litshintsha impahla yalo kunye nenkangeleko yalo kancinci. Ngexesha elizayo xa lifika, umzimba wethu awukwazi ukulibona ngoko nangoko. Siphinda sigule. Oku sikubiza ngokuba
yi-'antigenic drift' kumayeza. Kodwa ii-antibodies ezaveliswa ngaphambili zinokubonelela ngokhuseleko oluthile.
Iindyikityha ezitshintshe imbali
Ngamaxesha athile, le ntsholongwane ayitshintshi nje kancinci, ithatha
imo entsha ngokupheleleyo . Kufana nesela elitshintsha kungekuphela nje impahla yalo, kodwa nenkangeleko yalo yonke kunye nemo yalo. Emva koko, akukho namnye kwi-immune system yethu onokumbona. Yile nto ibangela ubhubhane olukhulu, okanye
'iindyikitya zokufa', ezisasazeka kwihlabathi liphela.Kuvela iimeko. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi
-'antigenic shift' . Bekukho izifo ezintathu ezinkulu eziye zagungqisa ihlabathi kwinkulungwane edlulileyo.
| Unyaka | Igama lobhubhane | Impembelelo |
|---|
| 1918-1919 | "I-Spanish Flu" | Ubhubhane womkhuhlane ombi kakhulu kwimbali. Phakathi kwabantu abazizigidi ezingama-50-100 bafe kwihlabathi liphela. |
| 1957-1958 | "Umkhuhlane waseAsia" | Abantu abayi-116,000 bafa eMelika kuphela. Oku kube nefuthe elikhulu kwihlabathi liphela. |
| 1968-1969 | "Umkhuhlane waseHong Kong" | Kubikwe ukuba phakathi kwama-34,000 kunye nama-100,000 abantu ababhubhileyo eMelika. |
Xa sijonga le mbali, siyaqonda ukuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ayisosinto yokuthathelwa ingqalelo. Ngoko ke, bubulumko ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye nokufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umkhuhlane sisifo esibi kakhulu kunengqele eqhelekileyo.
- Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokudinwa okunganyamezelekiyo .
- Intsholongwane ebangela oku itshintsha rhoqo, ngoko ke singayifumana kwakhona ebomini bethu bonke.
- Abantwana abancinci, oomama abakhulelweyo, abantu abadala, kunye nabo banezifo ezingapheliyo ngabona basengozini enkulu .
- Ukuba iimpawu zinzima okanye ukwiqela elisengozini, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho .
Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane wentsholongwane, iimpawu, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane
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