Wake wama wacabanga ukuthi inqubo yokuphefumula imangalisa futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani ngempela? Ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele, lokhu kwenzeka izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili ngosuku. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi silele, sisebenza, noma sidlala, iqhawe eliyinhloko lalo msebenzi omangalisayo—ukunikeza imizimba yethu igesi esekela impilo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-oxygen kanye nokukhipha amagesi angcolile— ngamaphaphu ethu. Ngakho-ke, namuhla ake sixoxe ngamaphaphu ethu, abaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu.
Ayini amaphaphu futhi atholakala kuphi?
Kalula nje, amaphaphu ayingxenye eyinhloko yesimiso sethu sokuphefumula , inethiwekhi yezitho ezihilelekile ekuphefumuleni. Sinamaphaphu amabili. Atholakala esifubeni sethu, endaweni ephakathi kwentamo nesisu, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Amaphaphu ethu amabili awafani ncamashi; kunomehluko omncane.
Iphaphu Elingakwesokudla
Iphaphu langakwesokudla lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ama-lobes' . Lifushane kancane kunephaphu langakwesokunxele kodwa libanzi. Amaphaphu ethu womabili ambozwe ulwelwesi oluvikelayo olubizwa ngokuthi 'izicubu ze-pleural' .
Iphaphu Lesobunxele
Iphaphu lesobunxele linama-lobes amabili kuphela. Lincane kunelesokudla. Isizathu salokhu ukwenza indawo yenhliziyo yethu. Inhliziyo yethu itholakala endaweni lapho ingxenye ephakathi yephaphu lesobunxele ibingaba khona. Ngakho-ke, iphaphu lesobunxele linombhobho omncane wokufaka inhliziyo, esiwubiza ngokuthi 'i-cardiac notch' .
Kwenzekani ngempela emaphashini?
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaphaphu ukuhlinzeka nge -oxygen , edingwa amangqamuzana omzimba wethu ukuze asinde, nokususa i-carbon dioxide , umkhiqizo ongcolile okhiqizwa amangqamuzana. Le nqubo yenzeka izikhathi ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-20 ngomzuzu.
Cabanga ngokuthatha umoya.
1. Uma uphefumula ngekhala noma ngomlomo, umoya uhamba udlule ngemuva komphimbo , ngebhokisi lezwi (i-larynx), bese ungena emgudwini wethu oyinhloko wokuphefumula, i -trachea .
2. Bese, lo mphimbo uhlukana ube amagatsha amabili. Siwabiza ngokuthi 'amapayipi e-bronchial' . Elinye lixhuma ephashini langakwesokudla, kanti elinye lixhuma ephashini langakwesokunxele.
3. Ngaphakathi emaphashini, la mapayipi ahlukana abe amagatsha amancane. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-bronchi' kanye neziteshi ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-bronchioles' .
4. Ekugcineni, lezi ziteshi ezincane zixhumanisa namaqoqo ezikhwama zomoya ezincane ezibukeka njengezinqwaba zamagilebhisi. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-alveoli' . Lezi yizinkabi zangempela zamaphaphu ethu. Umoya-mpilo osemoyeni esiwuphefumulayo ungena egazini ngalezi zikhwama zomoya.
Ngemva kokumunca umoya-mpilo, igazi liyaphuma emaphashini liye enhliziyweni. Ukusuka lapho, inhliziyo ipompa leli gazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Lena yindlela yonke iseli nezicubu emzimbeni wethu ezithola ngayo umoya-mpilo eliwudingayo ukuze ziphile.
Uma amangqamuzana omzimba esebenzisa umoya-mpilo, akhiqiza i-carbon dioxide njengomkhiqizo ongcolile. Lokhu kubuyela egazini bese kubuyela emaphashini. Uma sikhipha umoya-mpilo, lo mfucuza we-carbon dioxide uyakhishwa emzimbeni.
Ukuze amaphaphu asebenze kahle, izindlela zomoya kumele zihlale zihlanzekile ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kanye nokukhipha umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele kube nokuvuvukala noma ukunqwabelana okungadingekile kwe-mucus.
Amaphaphu azivikela kanjani?
Uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula lunezindlela eziningana ezimangalisayo zokuzivikela zokuvimbela izinto eziyingozi njengothuli namagciwane emoyeni ukuthi zingangeni emaphashini ethu lapho siphefumula.
- Izinwele ezincane ekhaleni: Lezi zisebenza njengesihlungi sokuhlanza umoya, zivimbela izinhlayiya ezinkulu zothuli ukuthi zingangeni.
- I-mucus ekhiqizwa emapayipini e-trachea kanye ne-bronchial: Le mucus igcina izindlela zomoya zimanzi futhi ibamba uthuli, amabhaktheriya, nezinye izinhlayiya.
- Ukunyakaza kwe-cilia: Lezi yizakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele emigudwini yethu yomoya. Ziya phezulu njalo, zisunduza izinhlayiya eziyingozi ezibanjiwe ziye emphinjeni, lapho singazikhwehlela khona noma sizigwinye. Isizathu esikhulu sokuthi kungani ukubhema kuyingozi ukuthi intuthu ibhubhisa ukusebenza kwalezi zinhlayiya.
Izifo nezimo zamaphaphu ezivamile
Ngeshwa, kunezimo eziningi ezithinta amaphaphu ethu. Ezinye zincane, kanti ezinye zingaba yingozi futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezivamile.
| Igama Lesimo | Ngamagama alula... |
|---|---|
| Isifuba somoya | Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yokuncipha kwemigudu yomoya. |
| I-Bronchitis | Uphawu oluyinhloko ukukhwehlela. Lokhu kungaba isikhathi esifushane noma eside (okungapheli). |
| Isifo Sokuvinjelwa Kwamaphaphu Esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD) | Isifo sokuphefumula esiqhubekayo, esingelapheki esiba sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
| Inyumoniya | Ukwakheka koketshezi emaphashini ngenxa yokutheleleka. Kungadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. |
| Isifo sofuba | Ukutheleleka okuthinta kakhulu amaphaphu kodwa kungathinta ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. |
| Umdlavuza wamaphaphu | Isici esiyinhloko esiyingozi somdlavuza wamaphaphu ukubhema. |
| I-COVID 19 | Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okungabangela ukugula kokuphefumula okuncane kuya kokubi kakhulu. |
Izimpawu zesimo esingaba khona samaphaphu
Uma unenkinga ehlobene namaphaphu, kungase kuvele eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Kufanele nakanjani uziqaphele lezi.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya : Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho nangemva kokuzikhandla okuncane.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba : Ubuhlungu obuba bubi kakhulu lapho uphefumula kakhulu noma ukhwehlela.
- Ukukhwehlela: Ikakhulukazi ukukhwehlela okungapheli okuhlala amasonto. Ukukhwehlela igazi elinomuncu.
- Ukukhathala: Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, okweqile.
- Ukuphefumula: Umsindo wokukhala noma wokukhikhiza lapho uphefumula.
- Ukuvuvukala kwamaqakala nezinyawo: Lokhu kungabonakala nakwezinye izifo zamaphaphu.
Uma uqhubeka nokuzwa izimpawu ezinjengalezi, ungazinaki. Inkambo engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha bese ucela iseluleko sochwepheshe.
Ihlolwa kanjani impilo yamaphaphu?
Uma uvakashela udokotela, bangahlola impilo yamaphaphu akho ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Isibonelo:
- Ukulalela isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope ukuhlola imisindo engavamile (ukuklwebheka, ukuphefumula).
- Ukubala izinga lokuphefumula kwakho (ukuphefumula ngomzuzu).
- Ukusebenzisa idivayisi encane ebizwa ngokuthi i -Pulse Oximeter exhunywe emunweni wakho ukukala izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile isimo.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe
Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone isimo ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho.
- I-X-ray yesifuba
- Ukuskena kwe-CT
- I-Ultrasound
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI
Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu
Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani.
- I-Spirometry: Ukuhlolwa okukala ukuthi ungaphefumula umoya ongakanani nokuthi ungaphefumula ngokushesha kangakanani.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuhamba ngezinyawo kwemizuzu eyisithupha: Kuqapha ukuthi amazinga akho e-oxygen kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo yakho kushintsha kanjani ngenkathi uhamba imizuzu eyi-6.
Izinqubo
Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukusebenzisa ikhamera ukubheka ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu noma ukuthatha isampula yezicubu (i-biopsy) ukuze ihlolwe.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Ukuhlola imigudu yomoya ngokufaka ipayipi eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera encane ngendlela yokuphefumula.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamaphaphu: Ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu emaphashini ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Izinto esingazenza ukuze sigcine amaphaphu ethu ephilile
Kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sigcine amaphaphu ethu ephilile futhi siphathe izimo zamaphaphu ezikhona.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Lena yinto engcono kakhulu nebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza. Yeka ukubhema ugwayi, utshwala, kanye nokubhema i-vaping.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Isisindo somzimba esiningi, ikakhulukazi amafutha agcinwe esiswini, sinciphisa isikhala esitholakalayo ukuze amaphaphu akhule.
- Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Ukuzivocavoca kwandisa amandla amaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, uma uqala inqubo entsha yokuzivocavoca, thintana nodokotela wakho kuqala ukuze uthole iseluleko.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo.
- Hlala unamanzi anele: Ukuphuza amanzi anele kusiza ekunciphiseni ulwelwesi emaphashini, okwenza kube lula ukuluhlanza.
- Zivikele ezifweni: Geza izandla zakho njalo. Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo. Thola imijovo enconywe udokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaphaphu akho ayizitho ezibalulekile ezihlinzeka nge-oxygen emzimbeni futhi zisuse i-carbon dioxide.
- Ukubhema kuwumonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ongawenza emaphashini akho. Ukuze ugcine amaphaphu akho ephilile, kufanele uyeke ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ubuhlungu besifuba. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesimo samaphaphu. Bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba) idlala indima enkulu ekuvikeleni impilo yamaphaphu akho.
Amaphaphu, ukuphefumula, izifo zokuphefumula, i-asthma, i-COPD, i-pneumonia, impilo yamaphaphu, i-Nirogi Lanka
