Kua mutu kē koe ki te whakaaro ki te mīharo me te uaua o te tukanga manawa? Ahakoa kāore tātou e mōhio, neke atu i te rua tekau mano ngā wā ka puta tēnei i te rā. Ahakoa e moe ana tātou, e mahi ana, e takaro ana rānei, ko te toa matua kei muri i tēnei mahi whakamiharo—te whakarato i te hau ora ki tō tātou tinana e mōhiotia ana ko te hāora me te tuku i ngā hau para—ko ō tātou pukahukahu . Nō reira, i tēnei rā me kōrero tātou mō ō tātou pukahukahu, he mea tino nui mō ō tātou oranga.
He aha ngā pūkahukahu, ā, kei hea rātou e noho ana?
Ki te kī māmā noa iho, ko ngā pūkahukahu te wāhanga matua o tō tātou pūnaha manawa , te whatunga o ngā whekau e whai wāhi ana ki te manawa. E rua ā tātou pūkahukahu. Kei roto i tō tātou uma ēnei, i te rohe i waenganui i te kaki me te puku, i ia taha.
Kāore ō tātou pūkahukahu e rua i tino ōrite; he iti noa ngā rerekētanga.
Pūkahukahu Matau
E toru ngā wāhanga o te pūkahukahu matau, arā, ko ngā 'lobes' . He poto ake i te pūkahukahu maui engari he whānui ake. E kapi ana ō tātou pūkahukahu e rua i tētahi kiriuhi tiaki e kīia ana ko te 'pleural tissue' .
Pūkahukahu Mauī
E rua noa ngā pūkahukahu o te pūkahukahu maui. He iti ake i te pūkahukahu matau. Ko te take o tēnei he hanga wāhi mō te ngākau . Kei te wāhi kei waenganui o te pūkahukahu maui te ngākau. Nō reira, he kōhao iti kei te pūkahukahu maui hei whakauru i te ngākau, e kiia nei e tātou ko te 'cardiac notch' .
He aha te mea e tupu ana i roto i ngā pukahukahu?
Ko te mahi matua a ngā pūkahukahu he whakarato i te hāora , e hiahiatia ana e ngā pūtau o te tinana kia ora ai, me te tango i te hauhā waro , he para e puta mai ana i ngā pūtau. E 12 ki te 20 ngā wā ka puta ai tēnei tukanga i ia meneti.
Whakaarohia te manawa.
1. Ina manawa koe mā tō ihu, mā tō waha rānei, ka haere te hau i tua o te korokoro , mā te pouaka reo (larynx), ka tomo ki te ara manawa matua, te trachea .
2. Kātahi ka wehea tēnei trachea kia rua ngā peka. Ka karangatia ēnei ko ngā 'ngā ngongo pūkahukahu' . Ka hono tētahi ki te pukahukahu matau, ā, ka hono tētahi ki te pukahukahu maui.
3. I roto i ngā pūkahukahu, ka wehea ēnei ngongo ki ngā peka iti ake. Ka kiia ēnei ko ngā 'pūkahukahu' , tae atu ki ngā awa iti ake ka kiia ko ngā 'pūkahukahu' .
4. Hei whakamutunga, ka hono atu ēnei awa iti ki ngā tautau o ngā pēke hau iti e rite ana ki ngā tautau karepe. Ka kiia ēnei ko ngā 'alveoli' . Koinei ngā hōiho mahi tūturu o ō tātou pukahukahu. Ka uru te hāora i te hau e manawahia ana e tātou ki te toto mā roto i ēnei pēke hau.
I muri i te mimiti o te hāora, ka wehe te toto i ngā pukahukahu ka haere ki te ngākau. Mai i reira, ka pupuhihia e te ngākau tēnei toto whai hāora puta noa i te tinana. Koinei te huarahi e whiwhi ai ia pūtau me ia kiko o te tinana i te hāora e hiahiatia ana hei oranga.
Kia whakamahia te hāora e ngā pūtau o te tinana, ka puta he hauhā waro hei para. Ka hoki tēnei ki te toto, ka hoki ki ngā pukahukahu. Ina whakapūha tātou, ka peia atu tēnei hauhā waro para i te tinana.
Kia pai ai te mahi a ngā pukahukahu, me noho mārama ngā ara manawa i te wā e manawa ana, e manawa ana hoki. Hei tāpiri, kaua e puta he mumura , he pupū ake rānei o te hūpē.
Me pēhea te tiaki a ngā pūkahukahu i a rātou anō?
He maha ngā tikanga parepare whakamiharo a tō tātou pūnaha manawa hei ārai i ngā mea kino pēnei i te puehu me ngā iroriki i te rangi kei uru ki roto i ō tātou pukahukahu ina manawa tātou.
- Ngā huruhuru ririki o te ihu: He rite ēnei ki te tātari hei horoi i te hau, hei ārai i ngā matūriki puehu nunui kei uru.
- Te hūpē i puta i roto i te trachea me ngā ngongo bronchial: Ka pupuri tēnei hūpē i ngā ara manawa kia makuku, kia mau ai hoki te puehu, te huakita me ētahi atu matūriki.
- Te nekehanga o ngā kiriuhi: He hanganga iti nei te āhua o te huruhuru i roto i ō tātou ara manawa. Ka neke tonu rātou ki runga, ka panaia ngā matūriki kino kua mau ki te korokoro, ka taea e tātou te maremare, te horomi rānei. Ko tētahi take nui e morearea ai te momi hikareti ko te mea ka whakangaromia e te paoa te mahi a ēnei kiriuhi.
Ngā mate pūkahukahu me ngā āhuatanga noa
Engari, he maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki ō tātou pukahukahu. Ko ētahi he iti noa iho, ko ētahi he roa, he kino hoki. Kei raro nei ētahi āhuatanga noa.
| Ingoa Āhuatanga | I roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho... |
|---|---|
| Mate huango | Te uaua ki te manawa nā te whaiti o ngā ara manawa. |
| Bronchitis | Ko te tohu matua ko te mare. Ka taea tēnei te noho mō te wā poto, te noho roa rānei (he roa tonu). |
| Mate Pūkahukahu Ārai Mau tonu (COPD) | He mate manawa e haere whakamua ana, kāore e taea te rongoā, ka kino haere i roto i te wā. |
| Pūkahukahu | He wai e pupū ake ana i roto i ngā pukahukahu nā te mate. Tērā pea me kawe ki te hōhipera. |
| Te mate kohi | He mate e pā nui ana ki ngā pukahukahu engari ka pā atu hoki ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana. |
| Matepukupuku pūkahukahu | Ko te kai hikareti te tino take mōrearea o te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu. |
| COVID-19 | He mate huaketo ka pā mai he mate manawa ngawari ki te kino. |
Ngā tohu o te mate pūkahukahu pea
Mena he raruraru e pā ana ki tō pukahukahu, ka puta pea tētahi, ētahi atu rānei o ēnei tohu. Me aro nui koe ki ēnei.
- Te poto o te manawa : Te kore e manawa ahakoa he iti noa te mahi.
- Mamae o te uma : Ka kino haere te mamae ina manawa hōhonu, ina maremare rānei.
- Maremare: Ina koa he maremare mau tonu e roa ana mō ngā wiki. Te maremare toto me te hūpē.
- Ngenge: Te ngenge tonu, te nui rawa.
- Te wheehe: He tangi whiowhio, he tangi tioriori rānei i te wā e manawa ana.
- Te pupuhi o ngā pona me ngā waewae: Ka kitea anō hoki tēnei i roto i ētahi mate pūkahukahu.
Ki te pā tonu ēnei tohu ki a koe, kaua e warewarehia. Ko te huarahi pai ko te toro atu ki tō tākuta tonu me te rapu tohutohu ngaio.
Me pēhea te tirotiro i te hauora o ngā pukahukahu?
Ina toro atu koe ki te tākuta, ka taea e rātou te aromatawai i te hauora o tō pūkahukahu mā te whakamātautau tinana. Hei tauira:
- Te whakarongo ki tō uma mā te whakamahi i te stethoscope hei tirotiro mō ngā oro rerekē (te pakū, te wheezing).
- Te tatau i tō tere manawa (ngā manawa ia meneti).
- Mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu iti e kīia ana ko te Pulse Oximeter e piri ana ki tō matihao hei ine i te taumata hāora i roto i tō toto.
Haunga te whakamātautau tinana, tera pea e hiahiatia he maha nga whakamatautau hei tautuhi tika i tetahi mate.
Ngā Whakamātautau Whakaahua
Mā ēnei ka taea e tō tākuta te kite i te āhua o roto i ō pukahukahu.
- X-ray o te uma
- Matawai CT
- Ultrasound
- Matawai MRI
Ngā Whakamātautau Mahi Pūkahukahu
Ka ine ēnei whakamātautau i te pai o te mahi a ōu pukahukahu.
- Spirometry: He whakamātautau e ine ana i te nui o te hau ka taea e koe te manawa me te tere o te manawa.
- Whakamātautau hikoi ono meneti: Ka aroturuki i te panonitanga o ō taumata hāora me te tere o te manawa i a koe e hikoi ana mō te 6 meneti.
Ngā Tukanga
I ētahi wā, me whakamahi pea he kāmera hei tirotiro i roto i ngā pukahukahu, hei tango rānei i tētahi tauira kiko (biopsy) hei tirotiro.
- Pūnaha tirotiro manawa: Te tirotiro i ngā ara manawa mā te whakauru i tētahi ngongo ngāwari me tētahi kāmera iti mā roto i te ara manawa.
- Kohikohi pūkahukahu: Te tango i tētahi tauira kiko iti mai i ngā pūkahukahu hei tirotiro i raro i te karuārai.
Ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei pupuri i te hauora o ō tātou pukahukahu
He maha ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei pupuri i te hauora o ō tātou pukahukahu, hei whakahaere hoki i ngā mate pukahukahu o nāianei.
- Kaua e momi hikareti rawa: Koinei te mea pai rawa atu, te mea nui rawa atu hoki ka taea e koe te mahi. Kati te momi hikareti, te momi pī, me te hikareti hiko.
- Kia mau ki te taumaha hauora: Ko te taumaha nui rawa o te tinana, inā koa te ngako e rongoa ana i te puku, ka whakawhāiti i te wāhi e wātea ana mō ngā pukahukahu ki te whakawhānui.
- Whakakorikori tinana i ngā wā katoa: Mā te whakakorikori tinana ka nui ake te kaha o ngā pukahukahu. Heoi, ki te tīmata koe i tētahi tikanga whakakorikori tinana hou, me toro atu ki tō tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu i te tuatahi.
- Kai i tētahi kai hauora.
- Kia nui te wai: Mā te inu i te nui o te wai ka angiangi te hūpē i roto i ngā pukahukahu, ka māmā ake te horoi.
- Tiakina koe i ngā mate urutā: Horoia ō ringaringa i ngā wā katoa. Noho tawhiti atu i te hunga e mate ana. Tikina ngā kano ārai mate kua tohua e tō tākuta.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He whekau nui ōu pukahukahu e whakarato ana i te hāora ki te tinana, e tango ana hoki i te hauhā waro.
- Ko te kai hikareti te kino nui rawa atu ka pā ki ō pūkahukahu. Hei pupuri i te hauora o ō pūkahukahu, me mutu rawa te kai hikareti.
- Kaua e warewarehia ngā tohumate pumau pēnei i te maremare, te poto o te manawa, te mamae rānei o te uma. He tohu pea ēnei mō te mate pūkahukahu. Tirohia tonutia tō tākuta .
- He mea nui te noho hauora (kai pai, whakakori tinana) hei tiaki i te hauora o ōu pūkahukahu.
Ngā pūkahukahu, te manawa, ngā mate manawa, te huango, te COPD, te niumōnia, te hauora o ngā pūkahukahu, Nirogi Lanka
